Alfred Newton, (born June 11, 1829, Geneva, Switzerland—died June 7, 1907, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England), British zoologist, one of the foremost ornithologists of his day.
Newton studied at Magdalene College, Cambridge, and from 1854 to 1863, as a holder of the Drury Travelling Fellowship, visited Lapland, Iceland, the West Indies, North America, and Spitsbergen, in the Arctic Ocean, on ornithological expeditions. In 1866 he became the first professor of zoology and comparative anatomy at the University of Cambridge, where few of the faculty or students were acquainted with zoology. Newton held the position for the remainder of his life, continually stimulating the growth of zoology as a distinct discipline. He was instrumental in securing passage of the first acts of Parliament for the protection of birds. He edited the ornithological journal Ibis (1865–70) and The Zoological Record (1870–72). Of his books, probably the most important is A Dictionary of Birds (1893–96), which grew from numerous articles on birds that he contributed to the ninth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. His article “Ornithology” as amended in the 11th edition is still considered a valuable source of information on the history of ornithology and bird classification.
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ornithology
Ornithology , a branch of zoology dealing with the study of birds. Most of the early writings on birds are more anecdotal than scientific, but they represent a broad foundation of knowledge, including much folklore, on which later work was based. In the European Middle Ages many treatises dealt with the… -
zoology
Zoology , branch of biology that studies the members of the animal kingdom and animal life in general. It includes both the inquiry into individual animals and their constituent parts, even to the molecular level, and the inquiry into animal populations, entire faunas, and the relationships of animals to each other,… -
bird
Bird , (class Aves), any of the more than 10,400 living species unique in having feathers, the major characteristic that distinguishes them from all other animals. A more-elaborate definition would note that they are warm-blooded vertebrates more related to reptiles than to mammals and that they have a four-chambered heart (as… -
BiologyBiology, study of living things and their vital processes. The field deals with all the physicochemical aspects of life. The modern tendency toward cross-disciplinary research and the unification of scientific knowledge and investigation from different fields has resulted in significant overlap of…