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Norway
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Kings¹ (12
Sep 1380 - 16 Feb 1814 also the kings of Denmark;
and 4 Nov 1814 - 7 Jun 1905 also the kings of Sweden)
872 -
c.933
Harald I "Hårfagre" ("Fairhair") (b. c.850 -
d. 933)
c.930 -
c.935
Eirik I "Blodøks"
("Bloodaxe") (b. c.895 - d. 954)
(co-ruler to c.933)
c.935 -
c.961
Haakon I Haraldsson "den gode"
(b. c.919 - d. c.961)
("the Good")
c.961 - c.970
Harald II Eiriksson "Graafell"
(b. c.930 - d. c.970)
("Grey Cloak")
- jointly with following three -
c.961 - c.970
Ragnfrød Eiriksson
"Gunhildsson" (b. 93. - d. c.982)
c.961 - c.969
Erling Eiriksson
(b. 93. - d. c.969)
c.961 - c.970
Gudrød Eiriksson
(b. 93. - d. c.999)
c.961 -
c.964
Sigurd Eiriksson "Slefa"
(b. 93. - d. c.964)
("the Enslaver")
c.970 -
995
Haakon Sigurdsson -Governor
(b. c.937 - d. 995)
"Rikr"
("the Mighty")
995 - 9 Sep
1000
Olav I
Trygvesson
(b. c.968 - d. 1000)
9 Sep 1000 - 1015
Eirik
Haakonsson -Governor
(b. c.964 - d. 1024)
1015 - Nov 1028
Olav II
Haraldsson "digri"
(b. c.995 -
d. 1030)
("the
Fat")
Nov 1028 - Oct 1029 Haakon
Eiriksson -Governor
(b. c.997 - d. 1029)
Oct 1029 - Sep 1030 Sigurd,
bishop of Trondheim
(d. c.1050)
(acting)
Sep 1030 - 12 Nov
1035 Knut "den mektige" ("the
Great") (b. 995 - d. 1035)
(Canute II, king of Denmark)
Sep 1030 -
1035
Svein Knutsson -Co-ruler
(b. c.1016 - d. 1036)
Sep 1030 - 1035
Aelfgifu (f) -Regent
(b. c.990
- d. af.1040)
1033 - 1033
Tryggvi Olavsson (in
rebellion) (b. 101. - d. 1033)
1035 - 25 Oct
1047
Magnus I Olavsson "den
gode" (b. c.1024 -
d. 1047)
("the
Good")
1035 - May? 1039
Einar Eindridesson -Regent
(b. c.982 - d.
1050)
"Tambarskjelve" ("Bow frightener")
-
jointly with -
1046 - 25 Sep
1066
Harald III Sigurdsson "Hardråde" (b. 1015 -
d. 1066)
("the Hard to Counsel")
25 Sep 1066 - 28 Apr 1069 Magnus II Haraldsson
(b. c.1049 - d. 1069)
- jointly with -
Jul? 1067 - 22 Sep 1093 Olav III
Haraldsson
"Kyrre" (b.
c.1050 - d. 1093)
("the Calm")
22 Sep 1093 - 24 Aug 1103 Magnus III
Olavsson "Barreføtt" (b. 1073 - d.
1103)
("the Barefoot")
22 Sep 1093 - Feb 1095 Haakon II
Magnusson "Toresfostre" (b. 1069 - d. 1095)
("Thor's Foster-son")(in opposition)
1095 -
1103
Svein Haraldsson (in opposition)
24 Aug 1103 - 21 Aug 1123 Øystein I
Magnusson
(b. 1088? - d. 1123)
- jointly with following two -
24 Aug 1103 - 26 Mar 1130 Sigurd I Magusson
"Jorsalfare" (b. 1089? - d.
1130)
("the Jerusalem-farer" [Crusader])
26 Aug 1103 - 22 Dec 1115 Olav (IV)
Magnusson
(b. 1099? - d. 1115)
26 Mar 1130 - 7 Jan 1135 Magnus IV
Sigurdsson "den blinde" (b.
c.1115 - d. 1139)
("the Blind") (1st time)
- jointly
with -
3 Oct 1130 - 9 Aug 1134 Harald
IV "Gille" (the Servant) (b. 1103? -
d. 1136)
Magnusson (1st time)
7 Jan 1135 - 14 Dec 1136 Harald IV
"Gille" Magnusson
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
14 Dec 1136 - 4 Feb 1161 Inge I
Haraldsson
"Krokrygg" (b. 1135
- d. 1161)
("the Hunchback")
- jointly
with -
1137 - 10 Jun 1155
Sigurd II Haraldsson "Munn"
(b. 1133 - d. 1155)
("the Mouth")
Dec 1137 - 12 Nov 1139 Magnus IV
Sigurdsson "den blinde" (s.a.)
(2nd time)(in opposition)
- jointly with -
27 May 1142 - 22 Aug 1157 Øystein II
Haraldsson
(b. 1125 - d. 1157)
Aug 1157 - 7 Jul 1162
Haakon III Sigurdsson
(b. 1147 - d. 1162)
"Herdebreid" (Broad Shoulder)
(in opposition to 4 Feb 1161)
1161 - 15 Jun
1184
Magnus V
Erlingsson
(b. 1156 - d. 1184)
(in opposition to 7 Jul 1162)
7 Jul 1162 - 1164
Erling Ormsson "Skakke" -Regent (b.
c.1115 - d. 1179)
("the Crooked")
1162 - 29 Sep
1163
Sigurd (III) Sigurdsson
(b. c.1153 - d. 1163)
"Markusfostre" ("Mark Foster")
(in
opposition)
1167 - 1169
Olav Gudbrandsson "Ugjaeva"
(b. c.1150 - d. 1173)
("the Luckless")(in opposition)
Sep? 1176 - Jan
1177 Øystein (III)
Øysteinsson "Møyla" (b. 1157 - d. 1177)
("the Maiden")(in rebellion)
Jun 1177 - 9 Mar 1202
Sverre Sigurdsson
(b. 1152 - d. 1202)
(in opposition in Trondheim to 15 Jun 1184)
29 Sep 1185 - Dec 1188
Jon Ingesson "Kuvlung" ("Monkcoat")(b. 116. - d. 1188)
(in
opposition; impostor,
real
name: Jon Petersson)
1188 -
1188
Sigurd Ingesson
(impostor; in opposition)
1189 -
1190
Vikar Magnusson
(impostor; in opposition)
1193 - 3 Apr 1194
Sigurd Magnusson (in opposition) (b.
c.1180 - d. 1194)
Jan 1198 - Aug 1202
Inge (II) Magnusson (in opposition)(b. c.1182 - d. 1202)
9 Mar 1202 - 1 Jan 1204 Haakon
III
Sverresson
(b. c.1178 - d. 1204)
1 Jan 1204 - 1204
Haakon Folkvidsson "Galen" (acting)(b. 117. -
d. 1214)
("the Mad")
1204 - 11 Aug 1204
Guttorm Sigurdsson
(b. 1200 - d. 1204)
1204 - 11 Aug 1204
Haakon Folkvidsson "Galen" -Regent
(s.a.)
Jun? 1204 - Jun? 1207 Erling
Magnusson "Steinvegg" (b. 118. - d.
1207)
("the Stonewall")(in opposition)
Aug 1204 - 23 Apr 1217
Inge II
Bårdson
(b. 1185 - d. 1217)
Apr? 1207 - Oct?
1208 Filippus Simonsson
(in opposition) (b. c.1182 - d. 1217)
(keeps royal style till death Jul 1217)
23 Apr 1217 - Jun 1217
Skule Bårdsson -Governor
(b. 1189 - d. 1240)
Jun 1217 - 16 Dec 1263
Haakon IV Haakonsson "den Store" (b. 1204 -
d. 1263)
("the Great")
1218 - 8 Jul
1226
Sigurd Erlingsson "Ribbung"
(b. 1203 - d. 1226)
("the Vulgar")(in opposition)
Jul 1226 - Jul?
1227 Knut Haakonsson
(in opposition) (b. c.1208 - d. 1261)
Jul? 1226 - Sep?
1227 Magnus "Bladstakk"
(in opposition) (b. 119. - d. 1227)
("the
Blade Stabber")
6 Nov 1239 - 24 May 1240 Skule Bårdsson (in
opposition) (s.a.)
1 Apr 1240 - 5 May 1257 Haakon
(V) Haakonsson "den unge" (b. 1232 - d. 1257)
("the Older")(co-ruler)
15 Dec 1263 - 9 May 1280 Magnus VI
Haakonsson "Lagabøter" (b. 1238 - d. 1280)
("the Law Restorer")
9 May 1280 - 13 Jul 1299 Eirik II
Magnusson "Prestehater" (b. 1268 - d. 1299)
("the
Priest Hater")
9 May 1280 - 1283
Ingebjørg Eriksdotter (f) -Regent
(b. c.1244 - d. 1287)
13 Jul 1299 - 10 Aug 1299 Jarl Jørund
(acting)
(b. 124. - d. 1309)
10 Aug 1299 - 8 May 1319 Haakon V
Magnusson "Hålegg"
(b. 1270 - d. 1319)
("the Long Leg")
8 May 1319 - 24 Aug 1319 Eiliv Arnesson,
Achbishop of (b. 126. - d.
1332)
Nidaros (chairman council of state)
24 Aug 1319 - 15 Aug 1355 Magnus VII
Eiriksson
"Korti" (b.
1316 - d. 1374)
("the
Short")
15 Aug 1343-10/12 Sep 1380 Haakon VI Magnusson "den
yngre" (b. 1339 - d. 1380)
("the Younger")
12 Sep 1380 - 3 Aug 1387 Olav IV
Haakonsson
(b. 1370 - d. 1387)
3 Aug 1387 - 2 Feb 1388 Ogmund
Finnsson Hestbø -Regent
2 Feb 1388 - 8 Sep 1389
Margrete Valdemarsdatter (f)-Regent(b. 1353 - d.
1412)
(styled: The realm's mighty lady
and right master)
8 Sep 1389 - 1 Jun 1442 Eirik
III
(b. 1382 - d. 1459)
(Erik XIII of Sweden, Erik VII of Denmark, Erich III of
Pomerania)
Sep 1439 - 1442
Sigurd Jonsson -Regent
(1st time) (b. 1390's d. 1450's)
1 Jun 1442 - 1 Jun 1442 Aslak
Harniktsson Bolt, Archbishop (b. 1380 - d. 1450)
of Nidaros (1st time)
(chairman council of state)
1 Jun 1442 - 5/6 Jan 1448
Christoffer
(b. 1416 - d. 1448)
(Christoffer III of Denmark)
6 Jan 1448 -
1448
Aslak Harniktsson Bolt, Archbishop (s.a.)
of Nidaros (2nd time)
(chairman council of state)
1448 - 20 Nov
1449
Sigurd Jonsson -Regent (2nd time)
(s.a.)
25 Oct 1449 - 14 May 1450 Karl I Knutsson
(in opposition) (b. 1408 - d. 1470)
(Karl VIII of Sweden)
20 Nov 1449 - 21 May 1481 Christian I
(Christiern
I) (b.
1426 - d. 1481)
(elected 3 Jul 1449 and crowned 20 Nov 1449)
21 May 1481 - 24 Aug 1482 Gaute Ivarsson,
Archbishop (b. 1437 - d.
1510)
of Nidaros
(chairman council of state)
24 Aug 1482 - 1 Feb 1483 Jon Svalesøn
Smør -Regent
(b. c.1420 - d. 1483)
1 Feb 1483 - 20 Feb 1513 Hans (Johan
II of
Sweden)
(b. 1455 - d. 1513)
20 Feb 1513 - 22 Jul 1513 Eirik Valkendorf,
Archbishop of (b. 1465 - d. 1522)
Nidaros (chairman council of state)
22 Jul 1513 - 5 Aug 1524 Christian II
(Christiern II) (b.
1481 - d. 1559)
(1st time)
5 Aug 1524 - 23 Aug 1524 Olav
Engelbriktsson, Archbishop (b.
c.1480 - d. 1538)
of Nidaros (1st time)
(chairman council of state)
23 Aug 1524 - 10 Apr 1533 Frederik
I
(b. 1471 - d. 1533)
29 Nov 1531 - 1 Jul 1532 Christian II
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
(in opposition)
10 Apr 1533 - 1 Apr 1537 Olav
Engelbriktsson, Archbishop (s.a.)
of Nidaros (2nd time)
(chairman council of state)
1 Apr 1537 - 1 Jan 1559
Christian
III
(b. 1503 - d. 1559)
(in opposition from 5 May 1535)
1 Jan 1559 - 14 Apr 1588 Frederik
II
(b. 1534 - d. 1588)
14 Apr 1588 - 9 Mar 1648 Christian
IV
(b. 1577 - d. 1648)
9 Mar 1648 - 18 May 1648 Jens Aagesøn
Bjelke -Chancellor
18 May 1648 - 19 Feb 1670 Frederik
III
(b. 1609 - d. 1670)
(elected 28 Apr 1648; proclaimed 18 May 1648)
19 Feb 1670 - 4 Sep 1699 Christian
V
(b. 1646 - d. 1699)
4 Sep 1699 - 12 Oct 1730 Frederik
IV
(b. 1671 - d. 1730)
12 Oct 1730 - 6 Aug 1746 Christian
VI
(b. 1699 - d. 1746)
6 Aug 1746 - 14 Jan 1766 Frederik
V
(b. 1723 - d. 1766)
14 Jan 1766 - 13 Mar 1808 Christian
VII
(b. 1749 - d. 1808)
13 Mar 1808 - 7 Feb 1814 Frederik
VI
(b. 1768 - d. 1839)
7 Feb 1814 - 19 Feb 1814 Interregnum
19 Feb 1814 - 3 Nov 1814 Christian
Frederik
(b. 1786 - d. 1848)
(regent to 17 May 1814)
12 Oct 1814 - 4 Nov 1814 Regency
- Marcus Gjøe
Rosenkrantz
(b. 1762 - d. 1838)
- Mathias Otto Leth Sommerhielm (b.
1764 - d. 1827)
- Jonas
Collett
(b. 1772 - d. 1851)
- Niels
Aall
(b. 1769 - d. 1854)
- Diderich
Hegermann
(b. 1763 - d. 1835)
(from 19 Oct 1814)
- Thomas Fasting (from 19 Oct 1814)(b. 1769 - d. 1841)
4 Nov 1814 - 5 Feb 1818 Karl II
(= Carl XIII of Sweden) (b. 1748 - d.
1818)
5 Feb 1818 - 8 Mar 1844 Karl
III
Johan
(b. 1763 - d. 1844)
(= Carl XIV Johan of Sweden)
8 Mar 1844 - 8 Jul 1859 Oscar
I
(b. 1799 - d. 1859)
8 Jul 1859 - 18 Sep 1872 Karl IV
Ludvig
Eugenius
(b. 1826 - d. 1872)
(= Carl XV of Sweden)
18 Sep 1872 - 7 Jun 1905 Oscar II
Frederik
(b. 1829 - d. 1907)
(formally abdicated 26 Oct 1905)
7 Jun 1905 - 25 Nov 1905 Peter Christian
Hersleb Michelsen (b. 1857 - d. 1925) H
(prime minister exercising royal authority)
25 Nov 1905 - 25 Sep 1940 Haakon VII (1st
time)
(b. 1872 - d. 1957)
(elected 18 Nov 1905, sworn in 27 Nov 1905;
on flight in Norway 9 Apr - 7 Jun 1940;
in London exile 7 Jun 1940 - 7 Jun 1945)
German Military Commander (of XXI Armeekorps)
9 Apr 1940 - 19 Dec 1940 Nikolaus von
Falkenhorst
(b. 1885 - d. 1968) Mil
Reichskommissare für die Besetzten Norwegischen
Gebiete
25 Apr 1940 - 7 May 1945 Josef
Antonius Heinrich Terboven (b. 1898 - d.
1945) NSDAP
7 May 1945 - 8 May 1945 Franz
Friedrich Böhme (acting) (b.
1885 - d. 1947) Mil
Kings¹
8 May 1945 - 14 May 1945 Paal Berg (acting
for Haakon) (b. 1873 - d.
1968) V
9 May 1945 - 21 Sep 1957 Haakon VII
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
13 May 1945 - 7 Jun 1945 Crown Prince
Olav -Regent
(b. 1903 - d. 1991)
(1st time)
29 Jun 1955 - 21 Sep 1957 Crown Prince Olav
-Regent
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
21 Sep 1957 - 17 Jan 1991 Olav
V
(s.a.)
25 Apr 1970 - Jul 1970
Crown Prince Harald -Regent
(b. 1937)
(1st time)
18 May 1971 - Jun 1971
Crown Prince Harald -Regent
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
2 Jun 1990 - 17 Jan 1991 Crown
Prince Harald -Regent
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
17 Jan 1991
-
Harald
V
(s.a.)
25 Nov 2003 - 13 Apr 2004 Crown Prince
Haakon -Regent
(b. 1973)
(1st time)
29 Mar 2005 - 7 Jun 2005 Crown Prince
Haakon -Regent
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
Governors
1 Apr 1537 - 23 Jun 1551 Peder
Hansson (Litle) til Sem (b.
149. - d. 1551)
og Foss
24 Jun 1551 - 23 Jun 1556 Jesper Friis til Aarslev
(b. 150. -
d. 1558)
24 Jun 1556 - 23 Jun 1572 Christiern Munk
til Taabdrup (b.
151. - d. 1579)
Governors-general (statholder)
24 Jun 1572 -
1577
Paul Hvitfeldt til Snidstrup
(b. c.1529 - d. 1592)
9 Jul 1577 - 30 Apr 1583 Ludvig Munk
til Nørlund
(b. 1537 - d. 1602)
1 May 1583 - 6 Oct 1588 Ove
Juel til Kjeldgaard
(b. c.1540 - d. 1599)
6 Oct 1588 - 5 Apr 1601 Axel
Gyldenstjerne til Lyngbygaard (b. c.1542 - d.
1603)
1 May 1601 - 30 Apr 1608 Jørgen Friis
til
Krastrup
(b. c.1543 - d. 1616)
1 May 1608 - 30 Apr 1618 Envold Kruse
til Hjermitsløv
(b. 1554 - d. 1621)
1 May 1618 - 30 Apr 1629 Jens Juel
til Kjeldgaard
(b. 1580 - d. 1634)
1 May 1629 - 30 Apr 1642 Christoffer
Urne til Aasmark
(b. 1593 - d. 1663)
1 May 1642 - 30 Apr 1651 Hannibal
Sehested til
(b. 1609 - d. 1666)
Nøragersgaard
1 May 1651 - 20 Dec 1655 Gregers
Krabbe til Torstedlund
(b. 1594 - d. 1655)
1 May 1656 - 30 Apr 1661 Nils Trolle
til Trolholm
(b. 1599 - d. 1667)
1 May 1661 - Jun
1664 Iver Krabbe til Jordberg
(b. 1602 - d. 1666)
Jun 1664 - 25 Sep 1699
Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve greve (b.
1638 - d. 1704)
til Laurvig
Oct 1669 - May 1674
Ove Juul til
Willestrup
(b. 1615 - d. 1686)
May 1674 - Oct 1676 Vacant
Oct 1676 - Jan 1683 Jens Juel
til Førslevgaard,
(b. 1631 - d. 1700)
friherre til
Juellinge
(acting for Gyldenløve)
Jan 1683 - 26 Sep 1694 Just Högh til
Fultoffte (b.
1640 - d. 1694)
(acting for Gyldenløve)
26 Sep 1694 - 1700
Gustaf Wilhelm, greve Wedel-
(b. 1641 - d. 1717)
Jarlsberg (1st time)
(acting
[for Gyldenløve to 1699])
1700 - 21 Jun 1708
Frederik Gabel til Giesegaard
(b. c.1640 - d. 1708)
21 Jun 1708 - 1 Aug 1708 Gustaf
Wilhelm, greve Wedel-
(s.a.)
Jarlsberg (2nd time)
1 Aug 1708 - 22 Feb 1710 Johan
Vibe
(b. c.1634 - d. 1710)
22 Feb 1710 - 26 Aug 1710 Hans Ernst von
Tritzschler (acting)(b. 1647 - d. 1718)
(chief
civil and military governor)
26 Aug 1710 - 30 Apr 1712 Ulrik Frederik
Waldemar,
(b. 1660 - d. 1740)
friherre Løvendal
24 Dec 1712 - 14 Jul 1713 Claus Henrik
Vieregg
(b. 1655 - d. 1713)
(vice governor)
14 Jul 1713 - 15 May 1714 Caspar Hermann von
Hausmann (b. 1653 - d. 1718)
(acting)
15 May 1714 - 1722
Friderich, friherre Krag til
(b. 1655 - d. 1728)
Stensballegaard (vice governor)
14 Apr 1722 - 5 Oct 1731 Ditlev
Vibe
(b. 1670 - d.
1731)
5 Oct 1731 - 1733
Patroclus Rømeling (acting)
(b. 1662 - d. 1736)
1733 -
1739
Christian greve Rantzau
(b. 1683 - d. 1771)
(vice governor)
1739 - 1750
Hans Jakob Arnoldt (vice
governor) (b. 1669 - d. 1758)
11 Sep 1750 - 8 Feb 1771 Jacob Benzon
til Aggersvold
(b. 1688 - d. 1775)
(vice governor to 16 Jan 1770)
28 Sep 1772 - 15 Oct 1772 Heinrich Wilhelm
Huth
(b. 1717 - d. 1806)
15 Oct 1772 - 4 Feb 1814 Carl
Landgraf zu Hessen
(b. 1744 - d. 1836)
1 Sep 1807 - 11 Nov 1810 Christian
August von Schlewsig- (b. 1768 - d.
1810)
Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg,
prins
til Augustenborg
(President of
the interim government
commission to 25 Jul 1809)
11 Nov 1810 - 22 May 1813 Friedrich
Landgraf zu Hessen- (b.
1771 - d. 1845)
Kassel (acting)
22 May 1813 - 19 Feb 1814 Christian
Frederik af Danmark (s.a.)
Governors-general (statholder)
10 Oct 1814 - 4 Nov 1814 Marcus Gjøe
Rosenkrantz
(s.a.)
4 Nov 1814 - 11 Nov 1814 Crown
Prince Karl Johan -Viceroy (s.a.)
(1st
time)
11 Nov 1814 - 2 Aug 1816 Hans Henrik,
greve von Essen (b.
1755 - d. 1824)
21 Jun 1816 - 5 Aug 1816 Crown Prince
Karl Johan -Viceroy (s.a.)
(2nd
time)
20 Aug 1816 - 18 Oct 1818 Carl Carlsson,
greve Mörner (b. 1755 - d.
1821)
af Tuna
18 Oct 1818 - 11 Apr 1824 Johan August, greve
Sandels (b. 1764 - d. 1831)
(1st time)
12 Feb 1824 - 1 Nov 1824 Crown Prince
Oscar -Viceroy
(s.a.)
(1st time)
21 Oct 1824 - 26 Nov 1827 Johan August,
greve Sandels (s.a.)
(2nd time)
26 Nov 1827 - 6 Dec 1829 Baltzar
Bogislaus greve von Platen (b. 1766 - d. 1829)
6 Dec 1829 - 20 Jul 1833 Jonas
Collett (1st time)(acting) (s.a.)
20 Jul 1833 - 3 Sep 1833 Crown Prince
Oscar -Viceroy
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
3 Sep 1833 - 19 Sep 1836 Jonas
Collett (2nd time)(acting) (s.a.)
19 Sep 1836 - 27 Aug 1840 Johan Caspar
Herman, greve Wedel- (b. 1779 - d. 1840)
Jarlsberg
27 Aug 1840 - 5 May 1841 Nicolay
Johan Lohmann Krog (acting)(b. 1787 - d. 1856)
5 May 1841 - 17 May 1856 Severin
Lövenskiold
(b. 1777 - d. 1856)
7 Feb 1856 - 11 Nov 1856 Crown Prince
Karl -Viceroy
(s.a.)
(1st time)
11 Nov 1856 - 12 Jan 1857 Jørgen Herman
Vogt (1st time) (b. 1784 -
d. 1862)
(acting)
12 Jan 1857 - 30 May 1857 Crown Prince Karl
-Viceroy
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
30 May 1857 - 8 Dec 1858 Jørgen
Herman Vogt (2nd time)
(s.a.)
(acting)
8 Dec 1858 - 12 Dec 1861 Hans Christian
Petersen (acting) (b. 1793 - d. 1862)
12 Dec 1861 - 17 Dec 1861 Erik Røring Møinichen
(acting) (b. 1797 - d. 1875)
17 Dec 1861 - 21 Jul 1873 Frederik Stang
(acting)
(b. 1808 - d. 1884)
First Secretaries of State
19 May 1814 - 20 Aug 1814 Frederik Gottschalk
von Haxthausen (b. 1750 - d. 1825)
20 Aug 1814 - 31 Jan 1815 Marcus Gjøe
Rosenkrantz
(s.a.)
1 Feb 1815 - 9 Jul 1822 Matthias Otto
Leth Sommerhielm (s.a.)
9 Jul 1822 - 10 Nov 1836
Jonas Collett
(s.a.)
10 Nov 1836 - 17 Oct 1839 Thomas
Fasting
(s.a.)
17 Oct 1839 - 5 Jan 1855 Nicolay
Johan Lohmann Krog (s.a.)
5 Jan 1855 - 8 Dec 1858
Jørgen Herman Vogt
(s.a.)
8 Dec 1858 - 12 Dec 1861 Hans
Christian Petersen
(s.a.)
12 Dec 1861 - 17 Dec 1861 Erik Røring Møinichen
(acting) (s.a.)
17 Dec 1861 - 21 Jul 1873 Frederik Stang
(s.a.)
Prime ministers
21 Jul 1873 - 11 Oct 1880 Frederik
Stang
(s.a.)
Con
11 Oct 1880 - 11 Mar 1884 Christian August
Selmer
(b. 1816 - d. 1889) Con
11 Mar 1884 - 29 Mar 1884 Ole Andreas Bachke
(acting) (b. 1830 -
d. 1890) Non-party
29 Mar 1884 - 3 Apr 1884 Niels Mathias Rye
(acting) (b.
1824 - d. 1905) Non-party
3 Apr 1884 - 26 Jun 1884 Christian
Homann Schweigaard
(b. 1838 - d. 1899) Con
26 Jun 1884 - 13 Jul 1889 Johan
Sverdrup
(b. 1816 - d. 1892) V
13 Jul 1889 - 6 Mar 1891 Emil Stang
(1st
time)
(b. 1834 - d. 1907) H
6 Mar 1891 - 2 May 1893
Johannes Wilhelm Christian Steen (b. 1827 -
d. 1906) V
(1st time)
2 May 1893 - 14 Oct 1895 Emil Stang
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
H
14 Oct 1895 - 17 Feb 1898 Georg Francis
Hagerup (1st time) (b. 1853 - d. 1921)
H
17 Feb 1898 - 21 Apr 1902 Johannes Wilhelm
Christian Steen
(s.a.)
V
(2nd time)
21 Apr 1902 - 22 Oct 1903 Otto Albert Blehr
(1st time) (b. 1847
- d. 1927) V
22 Oct 1903 - 11 Mar 1905 Georg Francis
Hagerup (2nd time)
(s.a.)
H
11 Mar 1905 - 23 Oct 1907 Peter Christian
Hersleb Michelsen
(s.a.)
V
23 Oct 1907 - 19 Mar 1908 Jørgen Gunnarson
Løvland
(b. 1848 - d. 1922) V
19 Mar 1908 - 2 Feb 1910 Aanon Gunnar
Knudsen (1st time) (b. 1848 - d.
1928) V
2 Feb 1910 - 20 Feb 1912 Wollert
Konow
(b. 1847 - d. 1932) FV
20 Feb 1912 - 31 Jan 1913 Jens Kristian
Meinich Bratlie (b. 1856 -
d. 1939) H
31 Jan 1913 - 21 Jun 1920 Aanon Gunnar
Knudsen (2nd time)
(s.a.)
V
21 Jun 1920 - 22 Jun 1921 Otto Bahr
Halvorsen (1st time) (b. 1872 -
d. 1923) H
22 Jun 1921 - 6 Mar 1923 Otto Albert
Blehr (2nd time)
(s.a.)
V
6 Mar 1923 - 23 May 1923 Otto Bahr
Halvorsen (2nd time)
(s.a.)
H
24 Mar 1923 - 30 May 1923 Christian Fredrik
Michelet
(b. 1863 - d. 1927) H
(acting [for Halvorsen to 23 May 1923])
30 May 1923 - 25 Jul 1924 Abraham Theodor
Berge
(b. 1851 - d. 1936) FV
25 Jul 1924 - 5 Mar 1926 Johan Ludwig
Mowinckel (1st time) (b. 1870 - d. 1943)
V
5 Mar 1926 - 28 Jan 1928 Ivar
Lykke
(b. 1872 - d. 1949) H
28 Jan 1928 - 15 Feb 1928 Christopher
Hornsrud
(b. 1859 - d. 1960) DNA
15 Feb 1928 - 12 May 1931 Johan Ludwig
Mowinckel (2nd time)
(s.a.)
V
12 May 1931 - 5 Mar 1932 Peder Ludvik
Kolstad
(b. 1878 - d. 1932) Bp
1 Feb 1932 - 29 Feb 1932 Birger
Braadland
(b. 1879 - d. 1966) Bp
(acting for Kolstad)
29 Feb 1932 - 10 Mar 1932 Nils
Traedal
(b. 1879 - d. 1948) Bp
(acting [for Kolstad to 5 Mar 1932])
10 Mar 1932 - 14 Mar 1932 Birger Braadland
(acting)
(s.a.)
Bp
14 Mar 1932 - 3 Mar 1933 Jens
Falentinsen
Hundseid
(b. 1883 - d. 1965) Bp
3 Mar 1933 - 20 Mar 1935 Johan Ludwig
Mowinckel (3rd time)
(s.a.)
V
20 Mar 1935 - 25 Jun 1945 Johan
Nygaardsvold
(b. 1879 - d. 1952) DNA
(on flight in Norway 9 Apr - 7 Jun 1940;
in London exile 7 Jun 1940 - 31 May 1945)
9 Apr 1940 - 15 Apr 1940 Vidkun
Abraham Lauritz Jonssøn (b. 1887
- d. 1945) NS
Quisling (1st time)(in rebellion)
Chairmen Administration Council
15 Apr 1940 - 25 Sep 1940 Ingolf Elster
Christensen
(b. 1872 - d. 1943) H
25 Sep 1940 - 1 Feb 1942 Acting
Councillors of State
(from 25 Sep 1941, Ministers)
- Kjeld
Irgens
(b. 1879 - d. 1963) NS
- Ragnar Stub
Skancke
(b. 1890 - d. 1948) NS
- Erling
Sandberg
(b. 1879 - d. 1956) Non-party
- Sigurd Halvorsen Johannessen
(b. 1881 - d. 1964) Non-party
- Albert Viljam
Hagelin
(b. 1882 - d. 1946) NS
- Tormod
Hustad
(b. 1889 - d. 1973) NS
- Thorstein
Fretheim
(b. 1886 - d. 1971) NS
- Jonas
Lie
(b. 1899 - d. 1945) NS
- Gulbrand
Lunde
(b. 1901 - d. 1942) NS
- Axel
Stang
(b. 1904 - d. 1974) NS
- Øystein
Ravner
(b. 1893 - d. 1975) Non-party
- Birger Ø.
Meidell
(b. 1882 - d. 1958) NS
(to 25 Sep 1941)
- Johan
Lippestad
(b. 1902 - d. 1961) NS
(from 25 Sep 1941)
- Sverre
Riisnaes
(b. 1897 - d. 1987) NS
- Rolf Jørgen
Fuglesang
(b. 1909 - d. 1988) NS
(from 25 Sep 1941)
Minister-president
1 Feb 1942 - 9 May 1945 Vidkun
Abraham Lauritz Jonssøn
(s.a.)
NS
Quisling (2nd time)(self-styled Fører
[Leader])
Prime ministers
9 May 1945 - 14 May 1945 Rådmenn ("civil
servants" [chief officers])
(acting for Nygaardsvold)
-
Alv
Helland
(b. 1908 - d. 1976) Non-party
- Carl
Platou
(b. 1885 - d. 1956) Non-party
- Sverre
Iversen
(b. 1879 - d. 1967) Non-party
- Per Preben
Prebensen
(b. 1896 - d. 1961) Non-party
- Reidar
Tønnesson
(b. 1895 - d. 1963) Non-party
- Halvdan E.
Stokke
(b. 1900 - d. 1977) Non-party
- Egil
Sundt
(b. 1903 - d. 1950) Non-party
- Nikolai
Schei
(b. 1901 - d. 1985) Non-party
14 May 1945 - 31 May 1945 Oscar Fredrik
Torp
(b. 1893 - d. 1958) DNA
(acting for Nygaardsvold)
25 Jun 1945 - 19 Nov 1951 Einar Henry
Gerhardsen (1st time) (b. 1897 - d. 1987)
DNA
19 Nov 1951 - 22 Jan 1955 Oscar Fredrik
Torp
(s.a.)
DNA
22 Jan 1955 - 28 Aug 1963 Einar Henry
Gerhardsen (2nd time)
(s.a.)
DNA
28 Aug 1963 - 25 Sep 1963 John Daniel
Fyrstenberg Lyng (b.
1905 - d. 1978) H
25 Sep 1963 - 12 Oct 1965 Einar Henry
Gerhardsen (3rd time)
(s.a.)
DNA
12 Oct 1965 - 17 Mar 1971 Per
Borten
(b. 1913 - d. 2005) Sp
17 Mar 1971 - 18 Oct 1972 Trygve Martin
Bratteli (1st time) (b. 1910 - d. 1984) DNA
18 Oct 1972 - 16 Oct 1973 Lars
Korvald
(b. 1916 - d. 2006) KFp
16 Oct 1973 - 12 Jan 1976 Trygve Martin
Bratteli (2nd time)
(s.a.)
DNA
12 Jan 1976 - 4 Feb 1981 Odvar
Nordli
(b. 1927 - d. 2018) DNA
4 Feb 1981 - 14 Oct 1981 Gro Harlem
Brundtland (f)(1st time)(b.
1939)
DNA
14 Oct 1981 - 9 May 1986 Kåre
Isaachsen
Willoch
(b.
1928)
H
17 Apr 1984 - 12 Jun 1984 Svenn Thorkild
Stray
(b. 1922 - d. 2012) H
(acting for Willoch)
9 May 1986 - 16 Oct 1989 Gro Harlem
Brundtland (f)(2nd
time)(s.a.)
DNA
16 Oct 1989 - 3 Nov 1990 Jan Peder
Syse
(b. 1930 - d. 1997) H
3 Nov 1990 - 25 Oct 1996 Gro Harlem
Brundtland (f)(3rd
time)(s.a.)
DNA
25 Oct 1996 - 17 Oct 1997 Thorbjørn
Jagland
(b.
1950)
DNA
17 Oct 1997 - 17 Mar 2000 Kjell Magne
Bondevik (1st time) (b.
1947)
KFp
30 Aug 1998 - 23 Sep 1998 Anne Enger
Lahnstein
(f)
(b.
1949)
Sp
(acting for Bondevik)
17 Mar 2000 - 19 Oct 2001 Jens Stoltenberg
(1st time) (b.
1959)
DNA
19 Oct 2001 - 17 Oct 2005 Kjell Magne
Bondevik (2nd time)
(s.a.)
KFp
17 Oct 2005 - 16 Oct 2013 Jens Stoltenberg
(2nd time)
(s.a.)
DNA
16 Oct 2013
-
Erna Solberg
(f)
(b. 1961) H
German Military Commanders Norway (Wehrmachtbefehlshaber
Norwegen)
19 Dec 1940 - 18 Dec 1944 Paul
Nikolaus von Falkenhorst (s.a.)
18 Dec 1944 - 8 Jan 1945 Lothar
Rendulic
(b. 1887 - d. 1971)
8 Jan 1945 - 8 May 1945 Franz
Friedrich
Böhme
(s.a.)
Allied Occupation 1945
Commander of Soviet Forces (the
14th Army) in Finnmark
County,
East of the Tana River and Fjord (in
Kirkenes)
25 Oct 1944 - 25 Sep
1945 Vladimir Ivanovich
Shcherbakov (b. 1901 - d. 1981)
General Officers Commanding Allied Land Forces
Norway
8 May 1945 - 10 May 1945
Richard Hilton (U.K.) (acting) (b.
1894 - d. 1978)
10 May 1945 - 13 May 1945 Robert Elliott
"Roy" Urquhart (b. 1901 -
d. 1988)
(U.K.) (acting)
13 May 1945 - 16 Oct 1945 Sir Augustus Francis
Andrew (b.
1885 - d. 1970)
Nicol Thorne (U.K.)
Head of Civil Affairs, Norway
13 May 1945 - 7 Jun 1945 Percy Howard
Hansen (U.K.) (b. 1890 - d.
1951)
-
- Nasjional Samling Party flag 1933-1945
Noble titles: Friherre = Baron, Greve = Count, Jarl = Earl.
¹Full style of the ruler:
(a) 24 Aug 1319 - 15 Aug 1355: Med
Guds miskund Norges Svea og Gota Konge
(from 1332, documented from 1340: Med Guds
nåde Norges Svea og Skåne Konge)("with
God's mercy, King of Norway, Sweden and the Goths" [from
1332, documented from 1340: "by the Grace of
God, King of Norway, Sweden and Scania"]);
(b) 15 Aug 1355 - 10/12 Sep 1380:
Med Guds nåde Norges Konge (from
15 Feb 1362: Med Guds nåde Norges og Svea
Konge)("by the Grace of God King of
Norway" [from 15 Feb 1362: "by the Grace of
God, King of Norway and Sweden"]);
(c) 12 Sep 1380 - 3 Aug 1387:
Med Guds nåde Norges Dana og Gota Konge;
("by the Grace of God, King of Norway, Denmark and the
Goths");
(d) 8 Sep 1389 - 1 Jun 1442: Med
Guds nåde Norges Konge og Sveriges rette erfinge
(from 23 Jul 1396 and 1397: Med Guds nåde
Norges Danmarks Sveriges Vendes og Gotes Konge, Hertug
i Pommern)("by the Grace of God, King of
Norway and right heir of Sweden" [from Jul 1396 and
1397: "by the Grace of God, King of Norway,
Denmark, Sweden, the Wends and the Goths, Duke of
Pomerania]");
(e) 1 Jun 1442 - 5/6 Jan 1448: Med
Guds nåde Norges Sveriges Danmarks Vendes og Gotes
Konge, Palatsgreve pa Riin og Hertug i Beyern;
("by the Grace of God, King of Norway, Sweden, Denmark,
the Wends and the Goths, Count Palatine of the Rhine and
Duke of Bavaria");
(f) 20 Nov 1449 - 21 May
1481: Med Guds Nåde Norges Danmarks Vendes
og Gotes Konge, Greve i Oldenborg og Delmenhorst (from
2 Jul 1457: Med Guds Nåde Danmarks Sveriges
Norges Vendes og Gotes Konge, Greve i Oldenborg og
Delmenhorst; from 2 Mar 1460: Med
Guds Nåde Danmarks Sveriges Norges Vendes og Gotes
Konge, Hertug i Slesvig, Greve i Holsten Stormarn
Oldenborg og Delmenhorst; from 14 Feb
1474: Med Guds Nåde Danmarks Sveriges
Norges Vendes og Gotes Konge, Hertug i Slesvig Holsten
Stormarn og Ditmarsken, Greve i Oldenborg og
Delmenhorst)("by the Grace of God, King
of Norway, Denmark, the Wends and the Goths, Count of
Oldenburg and Delmenhorst [from 14 Feb 1457: "King of
Denmark, Sweden, Norway, the Wends and the Goths, Count
of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst"][from 2 Mar 1460: "by the
Grace of God, King of Denmark, Sweden, Norway, the Wends
and the Goths, Duke of Schleswig, Count of Holstein,
Stormarn, Oldenburg and Delmenhorst"][from 14 Feb
1474: "by the Grace of God, King of Denmark, Sweden,
Norway, the Wends and the Goths, Duke of Schleswig,
Holstein, Stormarn and Ditmarschen,
Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst"])
(g) 1 Feb 1483 - 20 Feb 1513: Med
Guds Nåde Danmarks Norges Vendes og Gotes Konge,
utvald Konge til Sveriges rike, Hertug i Slesvig
Holsten Stormarn og Ditmarsken, Greve i Oldenborg og
Delmenhorst (from 18 Oct 1497:
Med Guds Nåde Sveriges Danmarks Norges Vendes og Gotes
Konge, Hertug i Slesvig Holsten Stormarn og
Ditmarsken, Greve i Oldenborg og Delmenhorst)("by
the Grace of God, King of Denmark, Norway, the Wends and
the Goths, King-elect of state of Sweden, Duke of
Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarnm and Ditmarschen, Count of
Oldenburg and Delmenhorst" ["from 18 Oct 1497: "by the
Grace of God, King of Sweden, Denmark, Norway, the Wends
and the Goths, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn,
and Ditmarschen, Count of Oldenburg,
and Delmenhorst"]);
(h) 22 Jul 1513 - 5 Aug 1524: Med
Guds Nåde Norges Danmarks Vendes og Gotes Konge,
utvald Konge til Sverige, Hertug i Slesvig Holsten
Stormarn og Ditmarsken, Greve i Oldenborg og
Delmenhorst (from 4 Nov 1520: Med
Guds Nåde Danmarks Sveriges Norges Vendes og Gotes
Konge, Hertug i Slesvig Holsten Stormarn og
Ditmarsken, Greve i Oldenborg og Delmenhorst)
("by the Grace of God, King of Norway, Denmark, the
Wends and the Goths, King-elect of Sweden, Duke of
Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn and Ditmarschen,
Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst" [from 4 Nov 1520: "by
the Grace of God, King of Denmark, Sweden, Norway, the
Wends and the Goths, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein,
Stormarn and Ditmarschen, Count of
Oldenburg and Delmenhorst"]);
(i) 23 Aug 1524 - 10 Apr 1533: Med
Guds Nåde Danmarks Vendes og Gotes Konge, utvald Konge
til Norge, Hertug i Slesvig Holsten Stormarn og
Ditmarsken, Greve i Oldenborg og Delmenhorst
("by the Grace of God, King of Denmark, the Wends and
the Goths, King-elect of Norway, Duke of Schleswig,
Holstein, Stormarn and Ditmarschen,
Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst");
(j) 1 Apr 1537 - 6 Mar 1648: Med
Guds Nåde Danmarks Norges Vendes og Gotes Konge,
Hertug i Slesvig Holsten Stormarn og Ditmarsken, Greve
i Oldenborg og Delmenhorst; ("by the
Grace of God, King of Denmark, Norway, the Wends, and
the Goths, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn, and Ditmarschen,
Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst");
(k) 16 Jul 1648 - 7 Feb 1814: Med
Guds Nåde Danmarks Norges Vendes og Gotes utvald
Konge, Hertug i Slesvig Holsten Stormarn og
Ditmarsken, Greve i Oldenborg og Delmenhorst (from
28 Oct 1660: Med Guds Nåde Danmarks Norges
Vendes og Gotes Konge, Hertug i Slesvig Holsten
Stormarn og Ditmarsken, Greve i Oldenborg og
Delmenhorst, from 22 Mar 1777: Med
Guds Nåde Danmarks Norges Vendes og Gotes Konge,
Hertug i Slesvig Holsten Stormarn Ditmarsken og
Oldenborg)("by the Grace of God,
King-elect of Denmark, Norway, the Wends and the Goths,
Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn, and Ditmarschen,
Count of Oldemburg and Delmenhorst" [from 28 Ocy 166:
"by the Grace of God, King of Denmark, Norway, the Wends
and the Goths, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn and
Ditmarschen, Count of Oldenburg and
Delmenhorst"], from 22 Mar 1777: "by the Grace of God,
King of Denmark, Norway, the Wends and the Goths, Duke
of Schelswig, Holstein, Stormarn, Ditmarschen
and Oldenburg");
(l) 17 May 1814 - 3 Nov 1814: Af
Guds Nåde og efter Rigets Constitution, Norges Konge,
Prins til Danmark, Hertug til Slesvig, Holsten,
Stormarn, Ditmarsken og Oldenborg; ("by
the Grace of God and Constitution of the State,
King of Norway, Prince of Denmark, Duke of Schleswig,
Holstein, Stormarn, Ditmarschen,
and Oldenburg");
(m) 4 Nov 1814 - 5 Feb 1818:
Af Guds Nåde Konge til Sverige og Norge,
de Gothers og Venders, etc. etc. etc., Hertug til
Slesvig, Holsten, Stormarn og Dithmarsken, Greve til
Oldenborg og Delmenhorst, etc. ("by the
Grace of God, King of Sweden and Norway, of the Goths
and Wends, etc. etc. etc., Duke of Schlewig, Holstein,
Stormarn and Ditmarschen, Count
of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst, etc.");
(n) 5 Feb 1818 - 8 Jul 1859: Af
Guds Nåde Konge til Sverige og Norge, de Gothers og
Venders
("by the Grace of God, King of Sweden and
Norway, of the Goths and Wends");
(o) 8 Jul 1859 - 7 Jun 1905: Af
Guds Nåde Konge til Norge og Sverige, de Gothers og
Venders
("by the Grace of God, King of Norway and
Sweden, of the Goths and the Wends");
(p) from 27 Nov 1905: Norges Konge
("King of Norway").
²On 25 Sep 1940, the German occupants acted on
the understanding that the monarchy had
been abolished
and Haakon VII (s.a.) deposed on that day. However, Reichskommissar
Josef Terboven (s.a.) attempted to provide this step
with a sheen of constitutionality by falsely declaring
"that the Storting had deposed the royal dynasty by a
two-thirds majority." (From "Quisling: A Study in
Treason", by Oddvar K. Hoidal (Norwegian University
Press, Oslo 1989).
The style
Norges rike (State of Norway) for
the polity is a common expression, but becomes statutory
only on 1 Feb 1942 with its appearance on the State
Seal. It is cogently argued by the author of an
authoritative study of the period that "by February 1
1942 Norway did not cease to be a Kingdom, however,
since the Constitution of 1814 was still valid. Monarchy
was temporarily suspended..." Vidkun Quisling, in
his proclamation on 1 Feb 1942, refers to the authority
of King and Storting in the 1814 Constitution as being
exercised by the Minister-president, but offered no
clarification.
Party abbreviations: DNA = Det Norske
Arbeiderparti (Norwegian Labor Party,
social-democratic, est.1887); H
= Høyre ("Right", Conservative Party, center-right,
est.1884); KFp = Kristelig
Folkeparti (Christian People's Party,
christian-democratic, est.1933); V
= Venstre ('Left', Liberal Party, est.1884);
Sp = Senterparti (Centre Party, agrarian,
centrist, Eurosceptic, former Bp, est.1959); Mil
= Military;
- Former parties: Bp
= Bondepartiet (Farmers' Party,
agrarian, 1920-1959, then Sp); Con
= Konservativ (Conservative, 1884
consolidated into H); FV
= Frisinnede Venstre (Moderate Liberals,
center-right, 1909-1945, merged into H); NS
= Nasjonal Samling (National Unity, Norwegian
nationalist, fascist, 1933-1945); NSDAP
= Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei
(National Socialist German Workers' Party, German
nationalist, Nazi fascist, xenophobic, 1920-1945)
Svalbard
|
|
"Ja, vi elsker dette landet" (Yes, We Love this Country) |
(9 Feb 1920) |
|
|
(Longyear City 1906-1925) |
(NOK); and 1925-31 Dec 1979 SNSK Betalingsmerke ("Svalbard Penger") |
Norway Sovereignty Day |
|
|
|
Imports: $N/A |
Ukrainian 44.3%, Polish and other 0.3% (1998) |
|
| Total Police Force: N/A Defense is the Responsibility of Norway (island demilitarized by treaty on 9 February 1920) Merchant marine: None (2010) |
Orthodox 21.6%, unaffiliated Christian 4.6%) 52.2%, non-religious 47.7% (2005) |
||
| International Organizations/Treaties: None | |||
1194
First mentioned in Icelandic annals report that "Svalbard
found" (Svalbardi fundinn), however
there is no scientific
consensus that supports this hypothesis and
they more likely
referred to Jan Mayen.
24
May
1596
Dutch expedition under Jacob van Heemskerck, Willem
Barentsz, and
Jan
Corneliszoon Rijp while trying to find a Northeast
Passage
discovers Spitsbergen (and Bear Island), while assuming
it
to be part of Greenland.
1612
Whaling activities commence in the waters around
Svalbard
accompanied by various ineffective claims of possession
(by
Denmark, England, France, Netherlands,
Russia and Sweden).
1764
- 1766
Failed attempt to find a Northeast Passage led by
Vasiliy
Yakovlevich Chichagov (b. 1726 - d. 1809) in the waters
around
Svalbard.
1899
Commercial mining
begun by Søren Zachariassen (b. 1837 - d. 1915).
10
Jun
1906
First permanent settlement (Longyear City [from 1925
Longyearbyen],
named for founder John Munroe Longyear) established.
26
Jan
1912
To be placed under international administration by draft
convention, which is not effected.
14 May
1912
Russia and Norway agree that Spitsbergen Archipelago is
to be
neutral territory.
30
Nov
1916
Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani (SNSK)(Great
Norwegian-
Spitsbergen Coal Company) established and begins
operations in
Svalbard.
9 Feb
1920
Norwegian sovereignty recognized by the Treaty
Concerning the
Archipelago of Spitsbergen" (by U.S., U.K., Denmark,
France,
Italy,
Japan, Norway, Netherlands, and Sweden [later China 1
Jul
1925, Germany 16 Nov 1925, and Soviet Union 7 May 1935])
(effective 14 Aug 1925).
14 Aug
1925
Formal assumption of sovereignty by Norway (by Svalbard
Act).
11 Jul 1930 - 31 Dec 1994
Svaldbard governors also the governors of Jan Mayen.
1 Jan 1937 - 31 Dec
1952 Svalbard subordinated the Norwegian
Ministry of Trade and Industry.
7 Jun 1940 - 31 May 1945
Administered by the Norwegian government in exile.
3 Sep 1941
Allied forces under Arthur E. Potts
(Canada)(b. 1890 - d. 1983)
evacuate the population and administration to
U.K., mining
installations are destroyed.
29
Oct 1941 - 24 Aug 1942 German weather station
"Knospe" established at Signehamna bay,
Northwest-Spitsbergen (withdrawn 24
Aug 1942).
Sep 1942 - 1945
Germans continue to establish weather
stations at various
locations in Svalbard (including stations
"Nussbaum,"
"Kreuzritter," "Svartisen," "Helhus"
and "Landvik").
8 Sep
1943
German battleships Tirpitz and
Scharnhorst attack
Longyearbyen,
Barentsburg
and Gruman.
Aug
1944
Sveagruva settlement destroyed by
German assault.
Sep
1944 - 4 Sep 1945 German weather
station "Haudegen" established on Nordaustland
under Wilhelm
Dege (b. 1910 - d. 1979).
12 Nov
1944
Soviet Union requests joint administration of Svalbard and
cession of Bear Island (again Nov 1946 and
Jan 1947),
which is rejected by
Norway (by parliament on 15 Feb 1947).
1 Jan 1953
-
Svalbard subordinated to the Ministry of Justice.
Directors of the Store Norske Spitsbergen
Kulkompani
1916 -
1917
Kenneth Lebrun Gilson,
Jr. (b.
1881 - d. 19..)
1917 -
1918
Sigurd Kristian Westby (1st time) (b. 1883 - d.
1969)
1918 -
1919
Sigurd Olaf Foss (1st
time) (b. 1884
- d. 1964)
1919 -
1920
Sigurd
Rudie
(b. 1887 - d. 19..)
1920 -
1921
Sigurd Kristian Westby (2nd time) (s.a.)
1921 -
1922
Sigurd Olaf Foss (2nd
time) (s.a.)
1922 -
1923
Sigurd Kristian Westby (3rd time) (s.a.)
1923 -
1925
Sigurd Olaf Foss (3rd
time) (s.a.)
Governors (Sysselmann)
14 Aug 1925 - 9 Oct 1925 Edvard
Lassen
(acting)
(b. 1882 - d. 19..)
9 Oct 1925 - 30 Jun 1935 Johannes
Gerckens
Bassøe
(b. 1878 - d. 1962)
1929 - 1929
Erik Håvie-Thoresen (1st time)
(b. 1893 - d. 19..)
(acting for Bassøe)
1930 - 1930
Erik Håvie-Thoresen (2nd
time) (s.a.)
(acting for Bassøe)
1931 - 1931
Erik
Håvie-Thoresen (3rd time) (s.a.)
(acting for Bassøe)
3 Jul 1932 - 30 Jun 1933
Wolmar Tycho Marlow (1st time)
(b. 1881 - d. 1963)
(acting for Bassøe)
3 Jul 1932 - 1933
Egil Brenna
Lund (1st time) (b. 1903
- d. 1949)
(acting for Marlow)
1933 - Oct 1934
Helge Marcus Ingstad (1st time)
(b. 1899 - d. 2001)
(acting for Bassøe)
Oct 1934 - 1935
Egil Brenna Lund (2nd time)
(s.a.)
(acting for Bassøe)
1935 - 31 Aug
1935
Helge Marcus Ingstad (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting [for Bassøe to
30 Jun 1935])
1 Sep 1935 - 30 Jun 1942 Wolmar Tycho
Marlow (2nd time) (s.a.)
(evacuated to U.K. 3 Sep 1941)
German Commander
29 Oct 1941 - 24 Aug 1942 Hans-Robert
Knoespel
(b. 1910 - d. 1944)
Norwegian Military Governors (from
8 Sep 1943, Garrison Chiefs)(in
Barentsburg)
1 Jul 1942 - 18 Sep 1942
Ernst Gustav Adolf Ullring
(b. 1894 - d. 1953)
(1st time)
18 Sep 1942 -
1942
Albert Karlsen Tornerud
(b. 1891 - d. 1968)
1942 - 17 Jun
1943
Ernst Gustav Adolf Ullring
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
17 Jun 1943 - 8 Sep 1943 Peter Morten
Bredsdorff (b.
1888 - d. 1984)
8 Sep 1943 - 29 Sep 1943 ....
(acting)
29 Sep 1943 - 20 Jun 1944 Ove Roll Lund
(b. 1910 - d. 1946)
20 Jun 1944 - 1946
Johannes Sjur Etterlid
(b. 1910 - d. 1998)
Governors (Sysselmann)
1946 -
1956
Hans Håkon Balstad
(b. 1904 - d. 1964)
1956 -
1960
Odd Birketvedt
(b. 1916 - d. 19..)
1960 -
1963
Finn Backer Midbøe
(b. 1918 - d. 1999)
1963 -
1967
Tollef Landsverk
(b. 1920 - d. 1988)
1967 -
1970
Stephen Stephensen
(b. 1917 - d. 2004)
1970 -
1974
Frederik Waldemar Nikolai
(b. 1924 - d. 2002)
Beichmann
14 Sep 1974 - Jan 1978
Leif Thomas Eldring (1st time) (b. 1933 -
d. 1994)
Feb 1978 - 30 Jun 1982
Jan Steinar Grøndahl
(b. 1934)
1 Jul 1982 - 14 Jun 1986
Carl Alexander Wendt
(b. 1923 - d. 2006)
15 Jul 1986 - 14 Jul 1991 Leif
Thomas Eldring (2nd time) (s.a.)
15 Jul 1991 - Aug 1995
Odd Emil Blomdal
(b. 1927 - d. 2015)
Aug 1995 - 8 Nov
1998 Ann-Kristin Olsen
(f)
(b. 1945)
9 Nov 1998 - 30 Sep 2001
Morten
Ruud
(b. 1950)
1 Nov 2001 - 7 Feb
2005 Odd Olsen Ingerø (1st time)
(b. 1950)
8 Feb 2005 - 30 Sep 2005
Sven Ole Fagernaes (acting)
(b. 1945)
1 Oct 2005 - 14 Sep 2009
Per Ottar Sefland
(b. 1949)
15 Sep 2009 - 30 Sep 2015 Odd Olsen Ingerø
(2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Oct 2015
-
Kjerstin Askholt (f)
(b. 1962)
Note: Administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice, through a local governor. By treaty the nationals of the treaty powers have equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although U.S., U.K., German, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian.
Territorial Disputes: Despite recent
discussions, Russia and Norway dispute their maritime
limits in the Barents Sea and Russia's fishing rights
beyond Svalbard's territorial limits within the Svalbard
Treaty zone.
Jan Mayen
|
|
inhabitants¹ |
28 Jun
1614
Jan Mayen sighted and named "Isabella" by
Fopp Gerritsz. and
in Jul 1614 as "Mr. Joris Eylant" (named
for the cartographer),
eventually settling on "Jan Mayen"
(after Captain Jan Jacobsz.
May van Schellinkhout) and used as a base
for whaling operations.
10 Sep
1921
First Norwegian meteorological station
(near Jamesonbukta),
retrospectively called "Eldste
Metten" (the Oldest Met),
operational.
8 May
1929
Jan Mayen declared to fall under Norwegian
sovereignty.
11 Jul
1930
Administratively subordinated to Svalbard.
3 Sep
1940
Station crew
evacuated to U.K., station destroyed.
16 Nov
1940
Attempted German landing fails.
10 Mar 1941 - 1946
Garrisoned by Norwegian
government-in-exile (subordinated to
Norwegian Marine
Command in
Iceland). Meteorological
station
re-built at different location (22 Mar
1941), retrospectively
called "Gamle Metten" (the Old Met [it is
relocated in 1949]).
Nov 1943 - Dec 1945
U.S. establishes a radio locating station named
"Atlantic City."
1946
Norwegian garrison withdrawn,
meteorological station remains.
1962
Station moved again to current location, called "Metten"
(the Met).
21 Nov 1980
Judicially subordinated to Nordland
county courts.
1 Jan
1995
Remaining bound by the Svalbard law of 1925, its
execution is
conferred on the governor of Nordland.
19 Nov
2010
Jan Mayen (excluding meteorological
station) and coastal waters
to 12 miles made a nature reserve (Jan Mayen
Nature Reserve).
Governors
11 Jul 1930 - 31 Dec 1994 the
governors of Svalbard
1 Jan 1995
-
the governors of Nordland
county
Managers of the Meteorological Station
1921 - 1922
Hagbard Ekerold
(b. 1883 - d. 1963)
1922 - 1923
Fritz Paulsen
(1st time) (b. 1889 - d.
19..)
1923 - 1924
Christian
Haugan
1924 - 1925
Alfred Hoaas
1925 - 1926
Hallvard Devold
(b. 1898 - d. 1957)
1926 - 1927
Finn Devold
(b. 1902 - d. 1977)
1927 - 1928
Fritz Paulsen
(2nd time) (s.a.)
1928 - 1929
Gennadiy
Nikitich Olonkin (b.
1898 - d. 1960)
(1st time)
1929 - 1930
Fritz
Cornelius Øien (1st time) (b. 1899 - d. 1963)
1930 - 1931
Gennadiy Nikitich Olonkin
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1931 - 1932
Leonhard Nicolaisen
1932 - 1933
Johan Breirem
1933 - 1934
Gennadiy
Nikitich Olonkin
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
1934 - 1935
Leif Brox (1st time)
(b. 1905 - d. 1968)
1935 - 1936
Gennadiy
Nikitich Olonkin
(s.a.)
(4th time)
1936 - 1937
Alv Pedersen
1937
Leif Brox (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1937 - 1938
Egil Lindberg
(b. 1906 - d. 1952)
1938 - 1939
Henry George
Haug
(b. 1907 - d. ....)
1939 - 1940
Anton Bakke
1940 - 3
Sep 1940 Fritz
Cornelius Øien (2nd time) (s.a.)
Norwegian Garrison chiefs (Garnisonssjefer)
10 Mar 1941 - 18 May
1941 Ernst Gustav Adolf
Ullring (b. 1894 -
d. 1953)
18 May 1941 - 1 Jun 1942
Karl Magnar Hjelvik
(b. 1909 - d. 1975)
1 Jun 1942 - May 1943
Kåre Hjelseth
(b. 1918 - d. 2010)
May 1943 - May 1944
Kolbjørn Spilhaug
(b. 1898 - d.
19..)
May 1944 - 1946
Arne Gudbrand
Haugan
(b. 1917 - d. 1997)
Station
Managers (Bestyrer) of Jan
Mayen
1945 - 1946
Henry Johnsen
1946 - 1947
Andreas
Skaanevik
1947 - 1948
Frank Myrvoll
1948 - 1949
Nicolay
Nicolaysen
1949 - 1950
Mikal Bjørklid
1950 - 10 Dec 1950
Aksel Liberg
(b.
1928 - d. 1950)
12 Dec 1950 - 1951
Oddmund Søreide
(b. 1919)
1951 - 1952
Kai Syversen
1952 - 1953
Terje
Lillevik
1953 - 1954
Finn Jensen
1954 - 1955
Harold
Nicolaisen
1955 - 1957
Sverre Messel
1957 - 1958
Petter Verner
Furberg
(b. 1923 - d. 1999)
1958 - 1959
Erik Herje
Station Chiefs (Stasjonssjef)
of Jan Mayen
1959 - 1961
Torstein Raaby
(b. 1918 - d.
1964)
1961 - 1962
Bjørn
Marienborg
1962 - 1963
Knut Ristesund
1963 - 1964
Bjarne J.
Brandal
(b. 1927 - d. 2005)
1964 - 1965
William
Pettersen
1965 - 1967
Frank Hansen
1967 - 1968
Otto Vestel
(b. 1920 - d. 1999)
1968 - 1969
Kristian
Sneltvedt
(b. 1921)
1969 - 1970
Leif Andersen
(b. 1926)
1970 - 1971
Øystein
Søvik
(b. 1926)
1971 - 1972
Odd W. Rojahn
(b. 1919 - d. ....)
1972 - 1973
Arne Plyhn
(b. 1912 - d. 1994)
1973 - 1974
Hans Lauritz Naess
(b. 1917)
1974 - 1976
Kaare Fjeld
1976 - 1977
Trygve J. Fure
(b. 1932)
1977
Thorvald Johnsen
1977 - 1978
F. Thomassen
1978 - 1979
Thor K.
Henriksen
(b. 1933)
1979 - 1980
Halvor T.
Strandrud
(b. 1930)
Apr 1980 - Jul?
1981 Roald J. Larssen
(b. 1924)
Jul? 1981 - Aug 1982
Helge Ingvar
Rud
(b. 1934)
Aug 1982 - Jul? 1983
Asbjørn
Stein
(b. 1929)
Jul? 1983 - Jul? 1984 Øyvind
Brandtzaeg
(b. 1931)
Jul? 1984 - Jul?
1985 Jomar Barlaup
(b. 1928 - d. 1998)
Jul? 1985 - Jul? 1986
Ola Juvik
(b. 1934)
Jul? 1986 - Jul?
1987 Ståle
Harald Botten
(b. 1945)
Jul? 1987 - Jul? 1988
Reidar A. Kjelstrup
(b. 1931)
Jul? 1988 - Jul? 1989 Andreas B.
Benjaminsen
(b. 1942)
Jul? 1989 - Jul? 1990
Boye M. Mikalsen
(b. 1934)
Jul? 1990 - Jul? 1991
Jens Ødegaard
Jul? 1991 - Jul? 1992
Bjørnar Rollstad
(b. 1937)
Jul? 1992 - Jul? 1993
Arne Nyland (1st time)
(b. 1936)
Jul? 1993 - Jul? 1994
Per Sønvisen
Jul? 1994 - Jul? 1995
John Jørgen Renberg
Jul? 1995 - Sep
1995 Arne Nyland (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Sep 1995 - Jul? 1996
Petter Idar Grønnås
(b.
1939)
Jul? 1996 - Jul? 1997
Per Hasse Anderssen
(b. 1948)
Jul? 1997 - Jul? 1998
Thorbjørn Braset
(b. 1943)
Jul? 1998 - Jul? 1999
Morten Andreas Hansen
(b. 1946)
Jul? 1999 - Jul? 2000
Ragnar O. Olsen
Jul? 2000 - 1 Aug
2001 Åge-Leif Godø (1st time)
(b. 1952)
1 Aug 2001 - 31 Jul 2002 Per
Erik Hanevold (1st time) (b.
1957)
31 Jul 2002
- 4 Aug 2003 Martin-Helge Simonsen
(b. 1952)
4 Aug 2003 - 31 Jul 2004 John Arvid
Volden
(b. 1956)
31 Jul 2004 - Aug 2004
Ronald Kjaersund (acting)
Aug 2004 - Mar 2005 Geir
Evensen
Mar 2005 - Aug
2005 Ove
Naustdal
Aug 2005 - 8 Apr 2006 Jørn Arild
Thorvaldsen (b.
1962)
8 Apr 2006 - 26 Jul 2006 Kurt
Spjelkavik
(b. 1968)
26 Jul 2006 - 1 Aug 2007 Per
Erik Hanevold (2nd
time) (s.a.)
1 Aug 2007 - 30 Jul 2008 Åge-Leif
Godø (2nd time)
(s.a.)
30 Jul 2008 -
24 Jul 2009 Kristian Rubach
24 Jul 2009 - 30 Jul
2010 Ole Øiseth
30 Jul 2010 - 30 Jul
2011 Per Erik Hanevold (3rd
time) (s.a.)
30 Jul 2011 - 2 Aug
2011 Ulf Grøtta (acting)
(b. 1970)
2 Aug 2011 - 24 Mar 2012
Dag Willy Rasmussen (1st time) (b. 1967)
24 Mar 2012 - 8 Apr 2013
Thor Paul Gjelseth
(b. 1957)
8 Apr 2013 - 31 Mar 2014
Hallvard Jacobsen
31 Mar 2014 - Jan 2015
Roy Inge Nordfonn
(b. 1969)
Jan 2015 - 24 Mar 2015
Dag Willy Rasmussen (2nd time) (s.a.)
24 Mar 2015 - Apr 2016
Wiggo Johansen
Apr 2016 - 2 Apr 2017 Rune
Leirvik
(b. 1966)
2 Apr 2017 - Oct 2017 Tore
Wensel
Oct 2017 - Apr 2018 Kristian
Weihe
Apr 2018 - Oct 2018 Hans
Petter Bjørge
Oct 2018
-
Geir Ebbe Strøm
¹seasonal personnel operate the Long Range Navigation (Loran-C) base and the weather and coastal services radio station.
Early Norwegian Pre-unification polities
These polities predate the unification of Kingdom of
Norway (traditional date 872) and continue, either in
dissidence or subordinate to either Norway or a
"foreign" power (Denmark, Sweden). Each of their rulers
is styled Konge (king), except
for Haalogaland whose rulers
were styled Jarl
and from c.870 Ladejarl.
c.800 Under Vestfold.
Kings
... - ...
Herbrandr Vígbrandsson
... -
...
Harald Herbrandsson "den grannraude"
... -
872
Gudrød "Kjøtve" "den rike"
Alvheim
860 Annexed by Vestfold.
Kings
... -
...
Alvgeir "Gamle"
... -
...
Gandalv Alvgeirsson
... -
...
Alv Gandalvsson
- jointly with -
... -
...
Alfarin Gandalvsson
... -
...
Alvgeir Alvsson
... -
...
Gandalv Alvgeirsson
... -
...
Hysing Gandalvsson
- jointly with following two -
... -
...
Helving Gandalvsson
... -
860
Hake Gandalvsson
Hedemarken
.... - 8.. Joined with Vestfold.
Kings
... -
8..
Øystein "den onde"
8.. -
87.
Sigtrygg Øysteinsson
86. - 87.
Øystein Øysteinsson
... -
895
Gudrød Haraldsson "Ljome"
895 -
...
Ragnvald Haraldsson "Rettilbein"
... -
...
Ring Haraldsson
... -
...
Dag Haraldsson
... -
998
Øyvind Finnsson "Skaldaspidle"
998 - 1018
Rørik Dagsson
(d. 1021)
- jointly with -
998 - 1018
Ring Dagsson
Hordaland
Kings
... -
...
Josur
... -
...
Hjor Josursson
... -
...
Hjorleif Hjorsson
... -
700
Halv Hjorleifsson
700 -
720
Hjor Halvsson
720 -
...
Flein Hjorsson
c.780
Hjor Fleinsson
c.820
Geirmund Hjorsson "Heljarskinn"
... -
872
Eirik
Haalogaland
Styles: Jarl, from c.870 Ladejarl
(with reference to an obscure location term). The Jarls
before c.800 are considered legendary.
c.962 - c.970
Ruled by Norway.
995
Part of Norway.
Jarls [Legendary list]
... -
...
Saeming Odinsson
... -
...
Godhjalt Saemingsson
... -
...
Sverdhjalt Godhjaltsson
... -
...
Hoddbrodd Sverdhjaltsson
... -
...
Himileig Hoddbroddsson
... -
...
Vedrhall Himileigsson
... -
...
Havard Vedrhallsson "Handramme"
... -
...
Godgest Havardsson
... -
...
Hemgest Godgestsson
... -
...
Godlaug Hemgestsson
... -
...
Gylaug Godlaugsson
... -
...
Mundil Gylaugsson "Gamle"
... -
...
Herse Mundilsson
... -
...
Brand Hersesson
... -
...
Brynjolf Brandsson
... -
...
Bård Brynjolfsson
... -
...
Hergils Baardsson
... -
...
Havard Hergilsson
... -
...
Harald Havardsson "Trygil"
... -
...
Trond Haraldsson
... -
...
Harald Trondsson "Naumdølajarl"
... -
...
Herlaug Haraldsson "Naumdølajarl"
... -
...
Grjotgard Herlaugsson
Ladejarls
88. - 91.
Haakon Grjotagardsson "Gamle"
91. -
c.962
Sigurd Haakonsson
(b. c.89. - d. c.962)
c.970 -
995
Haakon Sigurdsson "den mektige" (b.
c.937 - d. 995)
Nordmør og Romsdal
Kings
... -
900
Hundtjov
....-
872
Gandalv
c.900
Ring Dagsson
c.960
Halvdan I Sigurdsson
.... -
1018
Sigurd Halvdansson "Syr"
(also in Romerike)
1018 -
....
Halvdan II Sigurdsson
Rogaland
Kings
... -
...
Harald
... -
...
Vikar Haraldsson
... -
...
Vatnar Vikarsson
... -
...
Snjal Vatnarsson
- jointly with -
... -
...
Hjald Vatnarsson
... -
...
Einar Snjalsson
c.800
Ølve Einarsson "Barnakarl"
... -
...
Einar Ølvesson
... -
...
Olav Einarsson "Breid"
... -
872
Tormod Olavsson "Skafte"
Romerike
c.800
Annexed to Hedemarken.
960 -
1018
Briefly revived.
Kings
... -
...
Raum
... -
...
Gudrød
... -
...
Øystein Gudrødsson
c.800
Alvar
87. - c.880
Halvdan "Svarti"
(d. c.880)
c.880 - c.932
Harald Haalfdanarson
(d. c.932)
9.. - c.968
Trygve Olavsson
(d. c.968)
(also in Viken)
... -
1018
Sigurd Halvdansson "Syr"
(also in Ringerike)
Sogn
860 Annexed to Vestfold.
Kings
... -
...
Gor Thorsson
... -
...
Bel
... -
...
Thorstein
... -
...
Fridtjof Thorsteinsson
... -
860
Harald "Guldskjegg"
Solør
700 Annexed to Vestfold.
Kings
... - ...
Sólvarr
... -
...
Halvdan "Gulltann"
... -
700
Halvdan Olavsson "Hvitbein"
(also in Vestfold)
Søndmør
Kings
... -
...
Finnvid
... -
...
Torarin Finnvidsson "Bullibak"
... -
872
Arnvid Torarinsson
Trøndelagen
Kings
933 -
...
Halvdan Haraldsson "Svarte"
... -
935
Sigfrød Haraldsson
Vestfold
Kings
... -
...
Sigtrygg
... -
...
Agnar Sigtryggsson
... -
...
Eirik Agnarsson
... -
700
Halvdan Olavsson "Hvitbein"
(also in Solør)
700 -
730
Øystein Halvdansson "Fret"
730 -
784
Halvdan Øysteinsson "den milde og den madilde"
784 -
824
Gudrød Halvdansson "Veidekonge" "den storlatne"
824 -
840
Olav Gudrødsson "Geirstad-alv"
840 -
863
Halvdan Gudrødsson "Svarte"
863 -
872
Harald Halvdansson
"Hårfagre" (b. c.850 - d.
933)
(Harald I "Hårfagre" king of Norway)
... -
924
Bjørn Haraldsson "Farmann"
... -
963
Gudrød Bjørnsson
963 -
995
Harald Gudrødsson "Graenske"
(also in Agder, Viken)
Viken
Kings
... -
933
Guttorm Haraldsson
933 -
935
Olav Haraldsson
960 -
963
Trygve Olavsson
(also in Romerike)
963 -
995
Harald Gudrødsson "Graenske"
(also in Agder, Vestfold)
© Ben Cahoon