University of California, San Francisco

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Not to be confused with University of San Francisco or San Francisco State University.
University of California,
San Francisco
The Seal of the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Former name
 Toland Medical College (1864)
The Medical Department of the University of California (1873)
Motto Fiat lux (Latin)
Motto in English
 Let there be light
Type Public
Research
Established 1864
Founder Hugh Toland
Endowment $2.3 billion (2016)[1]
Budget $5.9 billion (2016)[2]
Chancellor Sam Hawgood, MBBS [3]
Vice-Chancellor Daniel Lowenstein, MD
Academic staff
 3,000 [4]
Postgraduates 4,904 (Fall 2014)[5]
Location San Francisco, California, United States
37°45′46″N 122°27′29″W / 37.7627°N 122.4581°W / 37.7627; -122.4581Coordinates: 37°45′46″N 122°27′29″W / 37.7627°N 122.4581°W / 37.7627; -122.4581
Campus

Urban,

255 acres (103 ha)[5]
Colors UCSF Teal     [6]
Affiliations University of California
Mascot Bear[6]
Website UCSF.edu
UCSF Logo.svg

The University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), is a research university located in San Francisco, California and part of the University of California system. The university is entirely dedicated to health sciences and is a major center of medical and biological research and teaching, and is ranked as one of the top universities in the biomedical field in the country and around the world.[7][8][9][10][11][12] It was founded as Toland Medical College in 1864, and in 1873 it became affiliated with the University of California. The UCSF School of Medicine is the oldest medical school in the Western United States.

The UCSF School of Medicine is one of the most selective medical schools in the United States based on average MCAT score, GPA, and acceptance rate. In 2015, 7,393 people applied and 437 were interviewed for 149 positions in the entering class.[13] UCSF is ranked 3rd among research-oriented medical schools in the United States and ranked 3rd for primary care by U.S. News and World Report, making it the only medical school to achieve a top-5 ranking in both categories.[14] UCSF is currently ranked 3rd among medical schools in the world by the Academic Ranking of World Universities (Clinical Medicine, 2016).[15]

The UCSF School of Medicine is affiliated with UCSF Medical Center, the nation's 8th-ranked hospital according to U.S. News & World Report.[16] In 2014, a national evaluation of residency programs named UCSF and the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine the top two physician training institutions in the United States.[17] With 25,398 employees, UCSF is the second largest employer in San Francisco.[18]

History[edit]

Beginnings[edit]

Toland Hall in 1887. Toland Hall on Stockton was the first home of the school, before its transfer to the Parnassus campus.

The University of California, San Francisco traces its history to Hugh H. Toland, a South Carolina surgeon who found great success and wealth after moving to San Francisco in 1852.[19] A previous school, the Cooper Medical College of the University of Pacific (founded 1858), entered a period of uncertainty in 1862 when its founder, Elias Samuel Cooper, died.[20] In 1864, Toland founded a new medical school, Toland Medical College, and the faculty of Cooper Medical College chose to suspend operations and join the new school.[20]

The University of California was founded in 1868, and by 1870 Toland Medical School began negotiating an affiliation with the new public university.[21] Meanwhile, some faculty of Toland Medical School elected to reopen the Medical Department of the University of the Pacific, which would later become Stanford University School of Medicine.[22] Negotiations between the Toland and the UC were complicated by Toland's demand that the medical school continue to bear his name, which he finally conceded.[21] In March 1873, the trustees of Toland Medical College transferred it to the Regents of the University of California, and it became The Medical Department of the University of California."[21] At the same time, the University of California also negotiation the incorporation of the California College of Pharmacy, established in 1972 by the Californian Pharmaceutical Society and the first pharmacy school in the West. The Pharmacy College was affiliated in June 1873, and together the Medical College and the Pharmacy College came to be known as 'Affiliated Colleges'. The third college, the College of Dentistry, was established in 1881.

Expansion and growth[edit]

The Affiliated Colleges buildings in 1908, with the streetcar that used to run on Parnassus

Initially, the three Affiliated Colleges were located at different sites around San Francisco, but in towards the end of the century interest in bringing them together grew. To make this possible, mayor of San Francisco Adolph Sutro donated 13 acres in Parnassus Heights at the base of Mount Parnassus (now known as Mount Sutro). The new site, overlooking Golden Gate Park, opened in the fall of 1898, with the construction of the new Affiliated Colleges buildings. The school's first female student, Lucy Wanzer, graduated in 1876, after having to appeal to the UC Board of Regents to gain admission in 1873.[23][24]

Until 1906, the school faculty had provided care at the City-County Hospital (today the San Francisco General Hospital), but did not have a hospital of its own. Following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, more than 40,000 people were relocated to a makeshift tent city in Golden Gate Park and were treated by the faculty of the Affiliated Colleges. This brought the school, which until then was located on the western outskirts of the city, in contact with significant population and fueled the commitment of the school towards civic responsibility and health care, increasing the momentum towards the construction of health facilities. Finally, in April 1907 one of the buildings was renovated for outpatient care with 75 beds. This created the need to train nursing students, and in 1907, the UC Training School for Nurses was established, adding a fourth professional school to the Affiliated Colleges.

Post-War 20th century[edit]

The schools continued to grow in numbers and reputation in the following year. One notable event was the incorporation of the Hooper Foundation for Medical Research in 1914, a medical research institute second only to the Rockefeller University. This addition bolstered the prestige of the Parnassus site during a dispute over whether the schools should consolidate at Parnassus or in Berkeley, where some of the departments had transferred. The final decision came in 1949 when the Regents of the University of California designated the Parnassus campus as the UC Medical Center in San Francisco. The medical facilities were updated and the departments returned to San Francisco from Berkeley. During this period a number of research institutes were established, and many new facilities were added, such as the 225-bed UC Hospital (1917), the Clinics Building (1934), the Langley Porter Clinic (1942) and the Herbert C. Moffitt Hospital (1955). In 1958, the addition of the Guy S. Millberry Union offered dorms and services for students.

The school gained more independence in the 1960s, where it started to be seen as a campus in its own right instead of the medical center of the UC system. The 4 departments were renamed as "school of" and the Graduate Division was founded in 1961. Further along this line, in 1964 the institution, obtained full administrative independence under the name University of California, San Francisco Medical Center, becoming the ninth campus in the University of California system and the only one devoted exclusively to the health sciences. The first chancellor under the new independent configuration was John B. de C.M. Saunders, previously provost, who had a strong preference for medical training over research.[25] This stance led to his resignation and the naming of Willard C. Fleming, DDS, as second chancellor in 1966. Fleming brought balance between clinicians and researchers and a new found stability to the administration.[26] By the end of the 1960s, the university was starting to become a leading research center, also bolstered by the opening of Health Sciences East and Health Sciences West the same year.

Under the guidance of the third chancellor, Philip R. Lee, the institution was renamed to its current form, the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). Lee also was crucial in guiding UCSF through the turmoil of the late 1960s and worked to increase minority recruitment and enrollment.[27] By then, UCSF had already reached the top ranks of US schools in the health sciences through its innovative programs that blended basic science, research, and clinical instruction. This stature was further augmented by Francis A. Sooy, fourth chancellor, who dedicated his ten years to recruiting the top physicians and scientists in the field.[28]

Late 20th century[edit]

The 1970s saw a dramatic expansion of UCSF. The increase in researchers, physicians and students brought a need for additional space. The nursing school opened its own building in 1972 and the medical center opened the Ambulatory Care Center in 1973. The discovery of recombinant DNA technology by UCSf and Stanford scientists in the mid-1970s opened many new avenues of research and attracted more people. ON the clinical side, great advances in patient care, diagnostics, and treatments advanced UCSf's reputation in the heath field. 1975 also saw the opening of the UCSF Center in Fresno.

Julius R. Krevans, the fifth chancellor from 1982 to 1993, was a strong advocate of biomedical research and public policy in the health sciences. During his tenure, UCSF rose to become one of the leading recipients of NIH funding. This lead to the need of finding new space, additions included the Marilyn Reed Lucia Child Care Center in 1978, the Dental Clinics Building (1980), the new Joseph M. Long Hospital in 1983 (which was integrated with the existing Moffitt Hospital), and Beckman Vision Center and Koret Vision Research Laboratory (1988), and Kalmanovitz Library (1990).

Due to the space constraints of the Parnassus Heights campus, UCSF started looking into expanding into other areas of the city. The university opened UCSF Laurel Heights in 1985 in the Laurel Heights neighborhood. Initially intended for pharmacy school laboratory research and instruction, neighborhood concerns pushed the university to employ the building developed for academic desktop research, social and behavioral science departments, and administrative offices.[29] On the western side of the city, the university acquired Mount Zion Hospital in 1990, which became the second major clinical site and since 1999 has hosted the first comprehensive cancer center in Norther California. Under the chancellorship of Joseph B. Martin, UCSF engaged in a health merger with Stanford Health and laid the groundwork for the expèansion in Mission Bay.

21st century[edit]

The Mission Bay Campus, UCSF's second campus, developed starting in 1999

A pivotal moment in UCSF history was the deal between vice chancellor Bruce Spaulding and San Francisco Mayor Willie Brown for the development of the Mission Bay campus in 1999. The development of a second campus in San Francisco was planned carefully and with business and community input. The Mission Bay neighborhood was occupied by old warehouses and rail yards. Initially, the campus consisted of 29.2 acres donated by the Catellus Development Corporation and 13.2 acres donated by the city of San Francisco. A later addition of 14.5-acre brought the total campus area to about 57 acres.[30] The Mission Bay expansion was overseen by a one year chancellorship of surgeon Haile Debas. Under his guidance, UCSF further increased its lead in the field of surgery, transplant surgery, and surgical training. The Mission Bay campus doubled the university's research, and provided new opportunities for biomedical discovery and student training. The first pahse of construction costed $800 million and included four research buildings, a community center, a student housing complex, two parking structures, and development of large open spaces.

Renown scientist J. Michael Bishop, recipient of both the Lasker Award and Nobel Prize (together with UCSF professor Harold Varmus), became the eighth chancellor in 1998. He oversaw one of UCSF's major transition and growth periods, including the expanding Mission Bay development and philanthropic support recruitment. During his tenure, he unveiled the first comprehensive, campuswide strategic plan to promote diversity and foster a supportive work environment. During this time, UCSF also adopted a new mission: adancing health worldwide™.[31]

Ninth Chancellor Susan Desmond-Hellmann became the first woman to lead UCSF in 2009 and was tasked with guiding the university through the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2007–2008.[32] In 2009 UCSF professor Elizabeth Blackburn wins the Nobel Prize for Medicine, followed by Shinya Yamanaka who wins it in 2012.

The 2010s saw increased construction and expansion at Mission Bay, with the Smith Cardiovascular Research Building, the UCSF Medical Center at Mission Bay, and the Benioff Children's Hospital in 2010, the Sandler Neurosceince center in 2012 and Mission Hall in 2013, and the Baker Cancer Hospital. The Children's hospital was named after [[Mark Beniof], who donated $100 million toward the new facility.[33] In 2011, expansion also resumed at the Parnassus campus, with the construction of the Regeneration Medicine Building, a $123 million construction designed by New York architect Rafael Viñoly. The Stem Cell Center was named in honor of Eli Broad, who donated $25 million to the cause of research for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Parkinson’s disease, HIV/AIDS and cancer.

In 2014, UCSF celebrated its 150th anniversary with a year of events.[34] The same year neonatologist and dean of the UCSF School of Medicine Sam Hawgood, MBBS, became the tenth chancellor. In 2015, the Mission Bay campus saw the grand openieng of the new UCSF Medical Center at Mission Bay, a 289-bed integrated hospital complex dedicated to serving children, women and cancer patients

In recent years, UCSF has gretly increased its focus on novel biomedical research, and has attracted many acts of philannthropy. UCSF became one ot the three institutions (together with UC Berkeley and Stanford University part of the BioHub, which is housed on the Mission Bay campus. The project consists of a new medical science research center funded by a $600 million commitment from Facebook CEO and founder Mark Zuckerberg and UCSF alumna pediatrician [35][35]. In January 2017, UCSF announced a $500 million gift from the Helen Diller Foundation to increase financial aid for faculty and students, invest in cutting-edge research projects and expand scholarships for dental, medical, nursing and pharmacy students. This gift is tied with Nike Inc. co-founder Phil Knight for the largest single donation ever to a public university.[36]

Campus[edit]

UCSF operates four major campus sites within the city of San Francisco and one in Fresno, California, as well as numerous other minor sites scattered through San Francisco and the San Francisco Bay Area.

Parnassus[edit]

Parnassus serves as the main campus and includes numerous research labs, the 600-bed UCSF Medical Center, Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, the UCSF Library, University of California, San Francisco Archives and Special Collections, and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital San Francisco. The Schools of Dentistry, Pharmacy, Medicine, Nursing, and the Biomedical Sciences graduate program are also located at Parnassus. It also houses the UCSF neurology outpatient practice that serves as a referral center of most of northern California and Reno, Nevada.

UCSF's Beckman Vision Center is also located at the Parnassus campus. It is a center for the diagnosis, treatment and research of all areas of eye care, including vision correction surgery.

Also located on the Parnassus campus is the UCSF Fetal Treatment Center, multidisciplinary care center dedicated to the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term follow-up of fetal birth defects.

Mission Bay[edit]

Mission Bay, UCSF
Mission Bay Community Center

UCSF's Mission Bay Campus, also located in San Francisco, is the largest ongoing biomedical construction project in the world.[37] The 43-acre (17 ha) Mission Bay campus, opened in 2003 with construction still ongoing, contains additional research space and facilities to foster biotechnology and life sciences companies. It will double the size of UCSF's research enterprise over the next 10 years. The biotechnology company Genentech contributed $50 million toward construction of a building as part of a settlement regarding alleged theft of UCSF technology several decades earlier.[38] Also located on the Mission Bay campus, the Arthur and Toni Rembe Rock Hall was designed by César Pelli and opened in February 2004. The building is named in honor of Arthur Rock and his wife, who made a $25 million gift to the university.[39] Byers Hall serves as the headquarters for the California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), a cooperative effort between the UC campuses at San Francisco, Berkeley, and Santa Cruz. The building is named after venture capitalist Brook Byers, co-chair of UCSF's capital campaign that concluded in 2005 and raised over $1.6 billion.[40] Additionally, the William J. Rutter Center, designed along with the adjacent 600-space parking structure by Ricardo Legorreta, opened in October 2005 and contains a fitness and recreation center, swimming pools, student services, and conference facilities. The building is named in honor of William J. Rutter, former Chairman of the university's Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics and co-founder of Chiron Corporation.[41] A housing complex for 750 students and postdoctoral fellows and an 800-space parking garage also opened in late 2005. And a fourth research building, designed by Rafael Viñoly and named the Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Building, opened in June 2009. Two additional research buildings designated for neuroscience and cardiovascular research are currently in the planning and design phase.[42] A new specialty hospital focused on women, children, and cancer on the Mission Bay campus opened in February 2015.[43]

Other centers, institutes, and programs[edit]

The Mount Zion campus contains UCSF's NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, its Women's Health Center, the Osher Center for Integrative Medicine and outpatient resources. The San Francisco General Hospital campus cares for the indigent population of San Francisco and contains San Francisco's only Level I trauma center.[44][45] The hospital itself is owned and operated by the city of San Francisco, but many of its doctors carry UCSF affiliation and maintain research laboratories at the hospital campus. The earliest cases of HIV/AIDS were discovered at SF General Hospital in the 1980s.[46] To this day SF General Hospital has one of the world's leading HIV/AIDS treatment and research centers.[47][48]

UCSF is also affiliated with the San Francisco VA Hospital and the J. David Gladstone Institutes, a private biomedical research entity that has recently moved to a new building adjacent to UCSF's Mission Bay campus. They are also affiliated with UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland (formerly Children's Hospital & Research Center Oakland). The headquarters of the new California Institute for Regenerative Medicine are also located nearby in the Mission Bay neighborhood.

UCSF has its own police department, which serves its two major campuses as well as all satellite sites within the city and South San Francisco.

Health policy[edit]

Among the related Institutes that are part of UCSF is the Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, founded in 1972 by Philip Randolph Lee.[49][50]

UCSF cooperates with the Hastings College of Law, a separate University of California institution located in San Francisco. This including the formation of the UCSF/Hastings Consortium on Law, Science, and Health Policy.[51] The program offers an LLM and MSL Degree program for health and science professionals. The Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies is a partner in this consortium.

UCSF is home to the Legacy Tobacco Documents Library (LTDL), a digital library of previously secret internal tobacco industry documents. The LTDL contains more than 11 million documents created by major tobacco companies related to their advertising, manufacturing, marketing, sales, and scientific research activities.

Academics[edit]

University of California, San Francisco is unique among University of California campuses in that it performs only biomedical and patient-centered research in its Schools of Medicine, Pharmacy, Nursing, and Dentistry, and the Graduate Division, and their hundreds of associated laboratories. The university is known for innovation in medical research, public service, and patient care. UCSF's faculty includes five Nobel Prize winners, 31 members of the National Academy of Sciences, 69 members of the Institute of Medicine, and 30 members of the Academy of Arts and Sciences. UCSF confers a number of degrees, including Master of Science, Doctor of Philosophy, Doctor of Pharmacy, Doctor of Medicine, Doctor of Dental Surgery, and Doctor of Physical Therapy in a variety of fields.

Rankings[edit]

USNWR graduate school rankings[52]
Medicine: Primary Care 3
Medicine: Research 4
Nursing 1
Internal Medicine 1
Pharmacy 1

USNWR departmental rankings[52]
Biological Sciences 7
Biochemistry / Biophysics / Structural Biology 7
Cell Biology 5
Immunology / Infectious Disease 2
Molecular Biology 7
Neuroscience / Neurobiology 5

In 2016, the Academic Ranking of World Universities, published annually by Shanghai Jiaotong University, ranked UCSF third in the world for Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy and fifth in the world for Life and Agricultural Sciences. Previously, UCSF had been second in the world for Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy from 2007-2015, ceding the #2 position to the University of Washington in 2016.[15] The professional schools of the University of California, San Francisco are among the top in the nation, according to current (2013) US News and World Report graduate school and other rankings. The schools also rank at or near the top in research funding from the National Institutes of Health. In addition, the UCSF Medical Center in 2013 was ranked by U.S. News & World Report the 7th-best hospital in the nation,[53] making it the highest-ranked medical center in northern California.

School of Medicine[edit]

UCSF's bear mascot depicted by Benny Bufano's Bear and Cub sculpture outside Kalmanovitz Library

In 2015, the School of Medicine ranked third overall among research-based medical schools by U.S. News & World Report.[54] In rankings of medical schools for primary care, UCSF also ranked 3rd, making it the only U.S. medical school to hold a top five rank in both research and primary care.[54] In addition, UCSF is nationally ranked as #1 in AIDS, #2 in Internal Medicine, Women's Health, and Drug and Alcohol Abuse, #4 in Family Medicine, #6 in Geriatrics, and #7 in Pediatrics.[54]

In 2011, the School of Medicine was the second-largest recipient of National Institutes of Health research funds among all US medical schools, and the first among all public medical schools, receiving awards totaling $532.8 million.[55] This figure rose from 2010 when the School of Medicine received a total of $475.4 million in NIH funds, but was still the largest public medical school recipient.[56] Also in 2012, the school of medicine received the most funding from NIH in medicine for the first time (receiving funds totaling $448.7 million), and maintains this distinction as of 2016.[57]

Graduate Division[edit]

U.S. News & World Report in 2012 ranked UCSF seventh best overall.[54] In that survey, UCSF ranked second in immunology, third in neuroscience, fourth in cell biology, and microbiology, fifth in biochemistry/biophysics/structural biology, sixth in molecular biology, and eighth in genetics/genomics/bioinformatics.[54]

School of Nursing[edit]

In the U.S. News & World Report for 2016, the UCSF School of Nursing tied for 2nd overall in the nation.[54] UCSF also ranked in the top 10 in all six of its rated nursing specialties, including ranking #1 for its psychiatric/mental health nurse practitioner program, and ranking #2 for its family nurse practitioner program.[54] Previously, in 2012, the nursing specialties were ranked as #1 for adult/medical-surgical nurse, family nurse practitioner and psychiatric/mental health nurse programs, and #2 for its adult nurse practitioner program.[54]

The School of Nursing in 2014 ranked first nationally in total NIH research funds with $10.1 million. This was the second year in a row that all four of UCSF's professional schools (Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy, and Dentistry) ranked first for "federal biomedical research funding in their fields." [58]

School of Pharmacy[edit]

In 2012, U.S. News & World Report ranked the UCSF School of Pharmacy number one in its "America's Best Graduate Schools" edition.[54] In 2014, the School of Pharmacy also ranked first in NIH research funding among all US pharmacy schools, receiving awards totaling $31.8 million.[58]

The UCSF School of Pharmacy was also ranked as the top program in the US, according to a 2002 survey published in The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, which weighed key criteria, including funding for research and the frequency of scientific publications by faculty, that are not considered in other rankings.

In 2013, the UCSF pharmacy program implemented the multiple mini interview, developed by McMaster University Medical School, as a replacement for the more traditional panel interview as the MMI had shown to be a better predictor of subsequent performance in school.

School of Dentistry[edit]

The School of Dentistry in 2014 ranked first among all dental schools in NIH research funding. It received awards totaling $15.5 million from the NIH.[58]

In Quacquarelli Symonds's first ever Dentistry Subject Ranking in 2015, UCSF was ranked 24th in the world.[59]

In 2011, the School of Dentistry ranked first in NIH research funding, receiving $19.5 million.[60][61]

UCSF Medical Center[edit]

UCSF Medical Center and Sutro Tower

In 2011, U.S. News & World Report named the UCSF Medical Center the seventh-best hospital in the nation, making it the highest-ranked medical center in Northern California. Among pediatric care centers, UCSF Children's Hospital ranked no. 16 – among the highest-rated children's medical service in California.

In the magazine's "America's Best Hospitals" survey, the UCSF Medical Center ranked best in Northern California – as well as among the best in the nation – in the following specialties: endocrinology, neurology/neurosurgery; gynecology; cancer; kidney disease; ophthalmology; respiratory disorders; rheumatology; urology; digestive disorders; ear, nose, and throat; psychiatry; heart and heart surgery; and pediatrics.[62]

UCSF Radiology and BioMedical Imaging Center[edit]

UCSF Radiology research programs were ranked second in 2009 in America. The Radiology department is spearheaded by Dr Ronald L. Arenson who is an Alexander R. Margulis Distinguished Professor and also a part of Board of directors of RSNA (Radiological Society of North America).

Research[edit]

UCSF Fresno
  • The conversion of normal cellular genes can be converted to cancer genes (Nobel Prize in Medicine, J. Michael Bishop and Harold Varmus, 1989)
  • (together with Stanford) the techniques of recombinant DNA, the seminal step in the creation of the biotechnology industry
  • The precise recombinant DNA techniques that led to the creation of a hepatitis B vaccine
  • The first successful in-utero fetal surgery (Michael R. Harrison)
  • First to clone an insulin gene into bacteria,[63] leading to the mass production of recombinant human insulin to treat diabetes
  • First to synthesize human growth hormone and clone into bacteria, setting the stage for genetically engineered human growth hormone
  • First to develop prenatal tests for sickle cell anemia and thalassemia
  • Discovery of prions, a unique type of infectious agent responsible for a variety of neurodegenerative diseases (Nobel Prize in Medicine, Stanley B. Prusiner, 1997)
  • Development of catheter ablation therapy for tachycardia,
  • Discovery that missing pulmonary surfactants are responsible for the death of newborns with respiratory distress syndrome; first to develop a synthetic substitute for it, reducing infant death rates significantly

The center itself has been the first in major institutional developments:

In 2005, UCSF agreed to pay $92,500 in fines in a settlement between the University and the USDA for Animal Welfare Act (AWA) violations in campus laboratories. UCSF was cited for 59 AWA violations including for failure to treat a monkey who was visibly sick and for failing to provide painkillers to animals after invasive surgeries.[68]

According to a 2012 investigation by the San Francisco Chronicle, in the years following the University’s settlement “incidents of animal neglect or mistreatment have persisted.” In their investigation, the Chronicle claims “Mice at UCSF had toes removed without anesthesia. Several animals, including birds and a squirrel monkey, received little or no pain medication after surgical procedures.” They also claim mice and primates went for long periods without food or water and that “a rhesus monkey remained in a brain study despite chronic and painful complications.”[69]

In response to the investigation, the University said it “takes very seriously the care and use of the animals it studies” and that "every proposed study undergoes rigorous review." [70]

Student Life[edit]

There are more than 180 registered campus organizations at UCSF. These groups and clubs cover a broad range of interests, including educational, social, cultural, artistic, recreational, political and spiritual.Every year, these organizations sponsor mote than 1,200 activities and events.[71]

The student government at UCSF consists of the Graduate and Professional Student Association (GPSA), which serves the collective interests of graduate and professional students. It aims at improving student life on a university and system-wide level with dialogue, action, and activities between students, faculty, and staff. It focuses on disucssinf University policy, informing constituents, advocating student interests, fostering relationships between academic programs, stranghtening connections to better support students, and initiating actions and proposals, [72]

Synapse is the student newspaper at UCSF. It was founded in 1957, and since 1997 the newspaper has been both in print and online. In the fall 2015 the newspaper rebranded from Synapse: The UCSF Newspaper to Synapse: UCSF Student Voices.[73] The mission of Synapse is to serve as the forum of the campus community, and it covers campus news and events, entertainment, and restaurant reviews, and a wide-range of feature stories, editorials and weekly columns, to the entire UCSF community. The newspaper focuses heavily on science and health, but it also covers arts, national news, and opinion articles. [74] . [75]

UCSF students are eligible to become University of California student regent, a position on the University of California Board of Regents created by a 1974 California ballot proposition to represent University of California students on the university system's governing board. Student regents serve an approximately one-year term as 'student regent-designate', followed by a one-year term as a full voting member of the Regents. Virtually any UC student in good academic standing may apply to be student regent. Traditionally, the position alternates between undergraduate and graduate students as well as between the various UC campuses.

Notable people[edit]

Chancellors[edit]

Notable alumni and faculty[edit]

References[edit]

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  2. ^ https://www.ucsf.edu/sites/default/files/052516_About_UCSF.pdf
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  19. ^ Hugh Huger Toland (1806–1880), UCSF, Accessed October 6, 2010.
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  21. ^ a b c A History of UCSF: University Affiliation, UCSF, Accessed October 10, 2010.
  22. ^ Chronology of the Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Accessed June 11, 2007.
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  27. ^ "Philip Randolph Lee - Biography - A History of UCSF". history.library.ucsf.edu. 
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  29. ^ "Laurel Heights | UC San Francisco". www.ucsf.edu. 
  30. ^ "Mission Bay". UC San Francisco. 
  31. ^ "John Michael Bishop - Biography - A History of UCSF". history.library.ucsf.edu. 
  32. ^ "Susan Desmond-Hellman - Biography - A History of UCSF". history.library.ucsf.edu. 
  33. ^ "UCSF Children's Hospital receives $100 million gift to build new hospital". UC San Francisco. 
  34. ^ "UCSF 150: Celebrating UC San Francisco's 150th Anniversary". 
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External links[edit]

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