Les maladies virales des abeilles sont répandues à travers le monde. Elles sont généralement sous-évaluées par les apiculteurs: elles peuvent causer de graves pertes économiques si elles sont associées à d'autres maladies des abeilles. L’acarien Varroa destructor a grandement contribué à augmenter l'incidence des maladies virales. Varroa est un support passif de virus d'abeilles qui sont transmis aux abeilles à travers la salive de l'acarien. En outre, le varroa affaiblit le système immunitaire des abeilles, ce qui peut permettre la réactivation d'infections virales latentes déjà présentes dans le corps de l'abeille. D’autres maladies d’abeilles qui créent les conditions pour l'apparition de maladies virales sont la nosémose, la loque européenne et l'amibiase. La transmission du virus se produit généralement horizontalement (par exemple à travers les excréments d'abeilles, la gelée royale, la salive du varroa, l'apiculteur), mais la transmission des principaux virus d'abeilles se produit verticalement (de la reine au couvain). Cette fiche décrit les causes et les symptômes des virus chez les abeilles, comment ces maladies se propagent, et la façon de les aborder et d'empêcher leur diffusion.

Beeswax is a natural wax produced by honey bees of the genus Apis. The worker bees produce wax to use it for comb structural stability, to form cells for honey-storage and larval and pupal comfort and protection within the bee hive. Beeswax offers the opportunity to the beekeeper to generate extra income from the extraction and processing of the wax into added value products. This technology explains how process the bee wax into added value products. It also includes some indications for buying beeswax and storing it and some information about the composition of wax.

Fish farming is an important commercial as well as subsistence activity for many households in Indonesia. Many families have small fish ponds or concrete fish tanks for raising tilapia, catfish, gourami, snakehead and eels which are used for the family’s own consumption and sales to markets. Bumina and Yumina, a form of aquaponics, uses the water from these fish tanks to irrigate and fertilize vegetables in a recirculating system. Water is pumped from the fish tank into planters (without soil) and the water returns to the fish. The farmer is able to add a secondary crop (vegetables/fruits) and also the fish have cleaner water so they can grow faster and denser. This is a sustainable technology highly recommended for areas with restricted water provision and land availability. Aquaponics is an efficient use of limited resources. Aquaponics is conducted around the world, but the specific practice of Bumina and Yumina was developed by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries in Indonesia. The information of both technologies was taken from the book: “Yumina and Bumina: Innovation for Household Food Security”.

Forestry is one of the most dangerous of all occupations; it is sometimes called a “3D” job – dirty, difficult and dangerous. Occupational health and safety in forestry can be greatly improved, however, through adequate worker training and supervision and the use of safety equipment, among other things. This article gives a short overview of major health and safety issues in forestry – especially in the harvesting, extraction, loading and transport of logs – and effective ways of addressing them. Healthy and safe working conditions are prerequisites for sustainable forestry management. This article shows the dangers to human health and safety posed by forest activities and identifies measures that can be taken to mitigate these.