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Ethnologue
World Languages
Development
Endangerment
Statistics
About
Thailand
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1 (National)
Thai
[tha]
1 (National). De facto national language. 20,200,000 in Thailand (2000). 400,000 Khorat. 4,700,000 mother-tongue Thai are ethnic Chinese, or 80% of the Chinese (1984). L2 users: 40,000,000 in Thailand (2001 A. Diller). Total users in all countries: 60,489,750 (as L1: 20,489,750; as L2: 40,000,000).
4 (Educational)
Lahu
[lhu]
4 (Educational). 32,000 in Thailand (Johnstone and Mandryk 2001).
5 (Dispersed)
Akha
[ahk]
5 (Dispersed). 56,600 in Thailand (Bradley 2007a).
Chinese, Hakka
[hak]
5 (Dispersed). 58,800 in Thailand (1984).
Chinese, Mandarin
[cmn]
5 (Dispersed). 5,880 in Thailand (1984).
Chinese, Min Dong
[cdo]
5 (Dispersed).
Chinese, Min Nan
[nan]
5 (Dispersed). 1,080,000 in Thailand (1984). 1,060,000 Chaochow (18%), 17,600 Fujian (less than 1%), 5,880 Hainanese (less than 1%) (1984).
Chinese, Yue
[yue]
5 (Dispersed). 29,400 in Thailand (1984).
Karen, S’gaw
[ksw]
5 (Dispersed). 200,000 in Thailand (2006 Mahidol University).
Lisu
[lis]
5 (Dispersed). 40,000 in Thailand (Bradley 2007b).
Lü
[khb]
5 (Dispersed). 83,000 in Thailand (Johnstone and Mandryk 2001).
Shan
[shn]
5 (Dispersed). 95,000 in Thailand (2006 Mahidol University).
Wa, Parauk
[prk]
5 (Dispersed). 6,700 in Thailand (2008 P. Hopple).
5 (Developing)
Hmong Daw
[mww]
5 (Developing). 32,400 in Thailand (2000).
Iu Mien
[ium]
5 (Developing). 40,000 in Thailand (1999).
Karen, Pwo Northern
[pww]
5 (Developing). 60,000 (1983 SIL).
Karen, Pwo West-Central Thailand
[kjp]
5 (Developing). 50,000 in Thailand (1998).
Khmer, Northern
[kxm]
5 (Developing). 1,400,000 (2006 Mahidol University), decreasing. Very few monolingual.
Khmu
[kjg]
5 (Developing). 31,400 in Thailand (2000).
Khün
[kkh]
5 (Developing). 6,280 in Thailand (2000).
Lawa, Western
[lcp]
5 (Developing). 8,000 (Nahhas 2011). Ethnic population: 8,500 (Nahhas 2011).
Mal
[mlf]
5 (Developing). 3,000 in Thailand (1982 SIL).
Malay, Pattani
[mfa]
5 (Developing). 1,000,000 (2006 Mahidol University).
Pa’o
[blk]
5 (Developing). 740 in Thailand (2000).
Tai Dam
[blt]
5 (Developing). 700 in Thailand (2004).
Thai Sign Language
[tsq]
5 (Developing). 51,000 profoundly, prelingually deaf people in Thailand (1997 C. Reilly). 20% of deaf children go to school to learn it.
Thai, Northern
[nod]
5 (Developing). De facto language of provincial identity in northern provinces. 6,000,000 in Thailand (1983 SIL). Total users in all countries: 6,029,500.
Thai, Southern
[sou]
5 (Developing). De facto language of provincial identity in southeasternmost 15 provinces. 4,500,000 (2006 Mahidol University).
6a (Vigorous)
Akeu
[aeu]
6a (Vigorous). 400 in Thailand (2006 E. Johnson).
Blang
[blr]
6a (Vigorous). 1,200 in Thailand (1998 SIL).
Bru, Western
[brv]
6a (Vigorous). 20,000 in Thailand (1991).
Hmong Njua
[hnj]
6a (Vigorous). 60,000 in Thailand (Hattaway 2000).
Karen, Phrae Pwo
[kjt]
6a (Vigorous). 6,000 (Dawkins and Phillips 2009).
Kataang
[kgd]
6a (Vigorous). 1,500 in Thailand (2014 J. Green).
Kayah, Eastern
[eky]
6a (Vigorous). 18,000 in Thailand (2000). 2 camps of 15,000 refugees from Myanmar.
Lahu Shi
[lhi]
6a (Vigorous). 15,000 in Thailand (2007).
Lawa, Eastern
[lwl]
6a (Vigorous). 7,000 (Nahhas 2011). Ethnic population: 8,000 (Nahhas 2011).
Malay, Satun
[meo]
6a (Vigorous).
Nyaw
[nyw]
6a (Vigorous). 50,000 (Diller and Juntanamalaga 1990).
Phu Thai
[pht]
6a (Vigorous). 470,000 in Thailand (2006 Mahidol University). Total users in all countries: 866,000.
Phuan
[phu]
6a (Vigorous). 200,000 in Thailand (2006 Mahidol University). Total users in all countries: 307,000.
Prai
[prt]
6a (Vigorous). 20,000 in Thailand (2001). Possibly 3,000 Ban Wen dialect speakers. Total users in all countries: 41,900.
Sô
[sss]
6a (Vigorous). 70,000 in Thailand (2006 Mahidol University).
Ten’edn
[tnz]
6a (Vigorous). 350 in Thailand (2014 SIL). Total users in all countries: 365.
Thai, Northeastern
[tts]
6a (Vigorous). De facto language of provincial identity in east, northeast provinces. 15,000,000 (1983 SIL). At least 1,000,000 in Bangkok. Kalerng has a few thousand speakers (1990 A. Diller).
Urak Lawoi’
[urk]
6a (Vigorous). 5,000 (2012 S. Pattemore). Ethnic population: 3,000 (Bradley 2007b).
Yoy
[yoy]
6a (Vigorous). 5,000 in Thailand (Diller and Juntanamalaga 1990). Total users in all countries: 6,000.
6b (Threatened)
Aheu
[thm]
6b (Threatened). 450 in Thailand (Bradley 2007b). Ethnic population: 1,500 (Bradley 2007b). Total users in all countries: 700.
Ban Khor Sign Language
[bfk]
6b (Threatened). 16 (Nonaka 2009). L2 users: 400 (Nonaka 2009).
Bisu
[bzi]
6b (Threatened). 700 (2016 K. Person). No monolinguals (2015 K. Person). Ethnic population: 700 (Bradley 2007b).
Cham, Western
[cja]
6b (Threatened). 4,000 in Thailand.
Kuy
[kdt]
6b (Threatened). 400,000 in Thailand (2006 Mahidol University). Few monolinguals. Total users in all countries: 452,800.
Moken
[mwt]
6b (Threatened). 2,000 in Thailand (Bradley 2007a).
Moklen
[mkm]
6b (Threatened). 1,500 (1984 D. Hogan). Ethnic population: 4,000 (2000 D. Bradley).
Mon
[mnw]
6b (Threatened). 108,000 in Thailand (2000). 70,000–120,000, total population (Bauer 1984). 1983 census estimated 100,000; about 50,000 L1 speakers (Foster 1972; Smalley 1994).
Nyeu
[nyl]
6b (Threatened). 200
Thai Song
[soa]
6b (Threatened). 32,300 (2000).
Yong
[yno]
6b (Threatened). 12,600 (2000).
7 (Shifting)
Jehai
[jhi]
7 (Shifting). Ethnic population: 150 (Bradley 2007b).
Kensiu
[kns]
7 (Shifting). 9 in Thailand (2015 N. Bishop). Ethnic population: 250 (Bradley 2007a).
Lua’
[prb]
7 (Shifting). 6,280 (2000).
Mpi
[mpz]
7 (Shifting). 900 (Nahhas 2007), decreasing. Ethnic population: 1,500 (Nahhas 2007).
Nyahkur
[cbn]
7 (Shifting). 1,500 (2006 C. Shimmin), decreasing. No monolinguals. Ethnic population: 3,000 (Thongkum 1984).
Saek
[skb]
7 (Shifting). Total L1 speakers in Laos and Thailand: 10,000 with a total ethnic population of 20,000. The majority of the speakers are in Laos (Bradley 2007a).
Tai Ya
[cuu]
7 (Shifting). 400 in Thailand (Dawkins and Kirkland 2008), decreasing. Ethnic population: 1,000.
Ugong
[ugo]
7 (Shifting). 150 (Bradley 2007b). Ethnic population: 500 (Bradley 2007b).
8a (Moribund)
Chiangmai Sign Language
[csd]
8a (Moribund). 19 (Woodward and Wongchai 2015).
Chong
[cog]
8a (Moribund). 500 in Thailand (Bradley 2007b).
Mlabri
[mra]
8a (Moribund). 130 in Thailand (Bradley 2007a). Total users in all countries: 154.
Palaung, Pale
[pce]
8a (Moribund). 5,000 in Thailand (1989).
8b (Nearly extinct)
Kintaq
[knq]
8b (Nearly extinct). 1 in Thailand (2007 SIL).
Mok
[mqt]
8b (Nearly extinct). 7 (Wurm and Hattori 1981).
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