Interventions by global target
WHO/NHD
The WHO global nutrition targets 2025 and diet-related global NCD targets for 2025, endorsed by the World Health Assembly in 2012 and 2013, respectively, provide concrete goals against which progress toward ending malnutrition in all its forms can be measured. Efforts to reach the global targets also contribute toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Links between interventions and targets are based on systematic reviews of the literature.
Global nutrition targets
Target 1: 40% reduction in the number of children under-5 who are stunted
- Breastfeeding education for increased breastfeeding duration
- Breastfeeding: continued breastfeeding
- Breastfeeding: exclusive breastfeeding
- Breastfeeding: implementation of the Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative
- Complementary feeding: appropriate complementary feeding
- Deworming to combat the health and nutritional impact of helminth infections
- Diarrhoea: water, sanitation and hygiene interventions to prevent diarrhoea
- HIV/AIDS: multiple micronutrient supplementation in HIV-infected women during pregnancy
- Insecticide-treated nets to reduce the risk of malaria in pregnant women
- Iron and folic acid: daily supplementation during pregnancy
- Iron and folic acid: daily supplementation during pregnancy in malaria-endemic areas
- Iron and folic acid: intermittent supplementation in non-anaemic pregnant women
- Iron and folic acid: intermittent supplementation in non-anaemic pregnant women in malaria-endemic areas
- Low birth weight: breastfeeding of low-birth-weight infants
- Maternal nutrition: balanced energy and protein supplementation during pregnancy
- Multiple micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy
- Nutrition counselling during pregnancy
- Obesity: exclusive breastfeeding to reduce the risk of childhood overweight and obesity
- Tuberculosis: micronutrient supplementation in individuals with active tuberculosis
- Vitamin A supplementation in HIV-infected infants and children 6–59 months of age
- Vitamin A supplementation in infants and children 6–59 months of age
- Zinc supplementation in the management of diarrhoea
Target 2: 50% reduction of anaemia in women of reproductive age
- Deworming to combat the health and nutritional impact of helminth infections
- Fortification of wheat and maize flours
- HIV/AIDS: multiple micronutrient supplementation in HIV-infected women during pregnancy
- Iron and folic acid: daily supplementation during pregnancy
- Iron and folic acid: daily supplementation during pregnancy in malaria-endemic areas
- Iron and folic acid: intermittent supplementation in menstruating women
- Iron and folic acid: intermittent supplementation in menstruating women in malaria-endemic areas
- Iron and folic acid: intermittent supplementation in non-anaemic pregnant women
- Iron and folic acid: intermittent supplementation in non-anaemic pregnant women in malaria-endemic areas
- Multiple micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy
- Nutrition counselling during pregnancy
- Tuberculosis: micronutrient supplementation in individuals with active tuberculosis
Target 3: 30% reduction in low birth weight
- Fortification of wheat and maize flours
- HIV/AIDS: multiple micronutrient supplementation in HIV-infected women during pregnancy
- Insecticide-treated nets to reduce the risk of malaria in pregnant women
- Iron and folic acid: daily supplementation during pregnancy
- Iron and folic acid: daily supplementation during pregnancy in malaria-endemic areas
- Iron and folic acid: intermittent supplementation in non-anaemic pregnant women
- Iron and folic acid: intermittent supplementation in non-anaemic pregnant women in malaria-endemic areas
- Maternal nutrition: balanced energy and protein supplementation during pregnancy
- Multiple micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy
- Nutrition counselling during pregnancy
- Tuberculosis: micronutrient supplementation in individuals with active tuberculosis
Target 4: No increase in childhood overweight
- Breastfeeding education for increased breastfeeding duration
- Breastfeeding: continued breastfeeding
- Breastfeeding: early initiation
- Breastfeeding: exclusive breastfeeding
- Breastfeeding: implementation of the Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative
- Complementary feeding: appropriate complementary feeding
- Low birth weight: breastfeeding of low-birth-weight infants
- Low birth weight: kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and mortality in low-birth-weight infants
- Marketing: reducing the impact of marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages on children
- Obesity: exclusive breastfeeding to reduce the risk of childhood overweight and obesity
- Obesity: limiting portion sizes to reduce the risk of childhood overweight and obesity
- Obesity: reducing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages to reduce the risk of childhood overweight and obesity
Target 5: Increase the rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months up to at least 50%
- Breastfeeding education for increased breastfeeding duration
- Breastfeeding: early initiation
- Breastfeeding: exclusive breastfeeding
- Breastfeeding: implementation of the Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative
- Breastfeeding: regulation of marketing breast-milk substitutes
- Low birth weight: breastfeeding of low-birth-weight infants
- Low birth weight: kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and mortality in low-birth-weight infants
- Obesity: exclusive breastfeeding to reduce the risk of childhood overweight and obesity
Target 6: Reduce and maintain childhood wasting to less than 5%
- HIV/AIDS: multiple micronutrient supplementation in HIV-infected women during pregnancy
- Insecticide-treated nets to reduce the risk of malaria in pregnant women
- Iron and folic acid: daily supplementation during pregnancy
- Iron and folic acid: daily supplementation during pregnancy in malaria-endemic areas
- Iron and folic acid: intermittent supplementation in non-anaemic pregnant women
- Iron and folic acid: intermittent supplementation in non-anaemic pregnant women in malaria-endemic areas
- Maternal nutrition: balanced energy and protein supplementation during pregnancy
- Moderate acute malnutrition: supplementary foods for the management of moderate acute malnutrition in children
- Multiple micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy
- Nutrition counselling during pregnancy
- Severe acute malnutrition: fluid management in severely malnourished children under 5 years of age with shock
- Severe acute malnutrition: fluid management in severely malnourished children under 5 years of age without shock
- Severe acute malnutrition: identification of severe acute malnutrition in children 6–59 months of age
- Severe acute malnutrition: identification of severe acute malnutrition in infants under 6 months of age
- Severe acute malnutrition: identification of severe acute malnutrition requiring inpatient care in children 6–59 months of age
- Severe acute malnutrition: management of HIV-infected children under 5 years of age with severe acute malnutrition
- Severe acute malnutrition: management of infants under 6 months of age with severe acute malnutrition
- Severe acute malnutrition: management of severe acute malnutrition in children 6–59 months of age with oedema
- Severe acute malnutrition: micronutrient intake in children with severe acute malnutrition
- Severe acute malnutrition: therapeutic feeding of children 6–59 months of age with severe acute malnutrition and acute or persistent diarrhoea
- Severe acute malnutrition: transition feeding of children 6–59 months of age with severe acute malnutrition
- Severe acute malnutrition: treatment of hypoglycaemia in children with severe acute malnutrition
- Severe acute malnutrition: treatment of hypothermia in children with severe acute malnutrition
- Severe acute malnutrition: use of antibiotics in the outpatient management of children 6-59 months of age with severe acute malnutrition
- Severe acute malnutrition: vitamin A supplementation in children 6–59 months of age with severe acute malnutrition
- Tuberculosis: management of moderate undernutrition in individuals with active tuberculosis
- Tuberculosis: management of severe acute malnutrition in individuals with active tuberculosis
- Tuberculosis: micronutrient supplementation in individuals with active tuberculosis
Global NCD targets
Target 4: A 30% relative reduction in mean population intake of salt/ sodium intake
- Marketing: reducing the impact of marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages on children
- Sodium: reducing sodium intake to control blood pressure in children
- Sodium: reducing sodium intake to reduce blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular diseases in adults
Target 6: A 25% relative reduction in the prevalence of raised blood pressure or contain the prevalence of raised blood pressure, according to national circumstances
- Marketing: reducing the impact of marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages on children
- Noncommunicable diseases: increasing fruit and vegetable consumption to reduce the risk of noncommunicable diseases
- Obesity: reducing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages to reduce the risk of unhealthy weight gain in adults
- Potassium: increasing intake to control blood pressure in children
- Potassium: increasing intake to reduce blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular diseases in adults
- Sodium: reducing sodium intake to control blood pressure in children
- Sodium: reducing sodium intake to reduce blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular diseases in adults
Target 7: Halt the rise in diabetes and obesity
- Breastfeeding education for increased breastfeeding duration
- Breastfeeding: continued breastfeeding
- Breastfeeding: early initiation
- Breastfeeding: exclusive breastfeeding
- Breastfeeding: implementation of the Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative
- Complementary feeding: appropriate complementary feeding
- Low birth weight: breastfeeding of low-birth-weight infants
- Low birth weight: kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and mortality in low-birth-weight infants
- Marketing: reducing the impact of marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages on children
- Noncommunicable diseases: increasing fruit and vegetable consumption to reduce the risk of noncommunicable diseases
- Obesity: exclusive breastfeeding to reduce the risk of childhood overweight and obesity
- Obesity: limiting portion sizes to reduce the risk of childhood overweight and obesity
- Obesity: reducing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages to reduce the risk of childhood overweight and obesity
- Obesity: reducing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages to reduce the risk of unhealthy weight gain in adults