​Québec’s policies on immigration and integration are different from the federal government’s (see Immigration Policy), in particular in the way that Québec represents itself and is represented abroad as a society that receives and integrates new immigrants.

In Canada's parliamentary system of government, the Cabinet is the committee of ministers that holds executive power.

Lund spent 10 years touring Canada, the US, Australia and Europe as founding member, bassist and co-songwriter with the indie rock band the Smalls.

John Boyden. Baritone, b Woodstock, Ont, 22 Nov 1935, d Stratford, Ont, 5 Dec 1982. In 1939 his family moved to Stratford. He began singing as a boy soprano and later joined the Elizabethan Singers and studied with their conductor, Gordon D. Scott.

Hugh (Alexander) Fraser. Pianist, trombonist, composer, teacher, b Victoria, BC, 26 Oct 1958; hon LLD (McMaster 2004). Hugh Fraser's father, Ken, was a percussionist with the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra in the late 1930s.

Lee Gagnon. Tenor and alto saxophonist, flutist, arranger, composer, b Amqui, on the Gaspé Peninsula, south of Matane, Que, of US parents, 2 Sep 1934. His teachers at the CMM were Joseph Moretti (clarinet, 1952-6), Arthur Romano, 1954-60), and Rafael Masella (clarinet, 1956-9).

Edmond McMahon. Choirmaster, singer, lawyer, coroner, b Ste-Rose (later Laval), near Montreal, 18 Oct 1852, d Westmount, Montreal, 2 Feb 1942. He was called to the bar in Montreal in 1881, becoming coroner in 1892 and justice of the peace in 1894 of the City of Westmount.

Marcel Saint-Cyr. Cellist, viola da gamba and baryton player, teacher, b Quebec City, 20 May 1938; premier prix cello (CMQ) 1961, BA (Laval) 1961, concert diploma (Staatliche Hochschule für Musik, Karlsruhe, Germany) 1964.

Ernest Whyte. Composer, teacher, b Perth, Ont, 14 Oct 1858, d Ottawa 23 Nov 1922.

Helen Litz (b Wilms). Conductor, arranger, composer, adjudicator, b Winnipeg 7 Jun 1932; diploma (Manitoba Teachers' College) 1962.

While expense scandals dominate the debate over the Senate, the real fate of the upper chamber is about to be fought over in courtrooms in Ottawa and Quebec

On 11 June 2008 Prime Minister Stephen Harper stood in the House of Commons to offer, on behalf of the Government of Canada, an apology to Aboriginal peoples in Canada for the abuse, suffering, and generational and cultural dislocation that resulted from assimilative, government-sanctioned residential schools.

​Between 1838 and 1841, Lower Canada was governed by an “authoritarian” political body known as the Special Council.

The Prime Minister's Office (PMO) is a central agency that came into its own in the late 1960s.

This text is from the free Toronto in Time app, which was created by The Canadian Encyclopedia and is available from the App Store and the Google Play store. Visit its companion website, which is linked below, to explore all the features of the app online.

This text is from the free Toronto in Time app, which was created by The Canadian Encyclopedia and is available from the App Store and the Google Play store. Visit its companion website, which is linked below, to explore all the features of the app online.

This text is from the free Toronto in Time app, which was created by The Canadian Encyclopedia and is available from the App Store and the Google Play store. Visit its companion website, which is linked below, to explore all the features of the app online.

This text is from the free Toronto in Time app, which was created by The Canadian Encyclopedia and is available from the App Store and the Google Play store. Visit its companion website, which is linked below, to explore all the features of the app online.

This text is from the free Toronto in Time app, which was created by The Canadian Encyclopedia and is available from the App Store and the Google Play store. Visit its companion website, which is linked below, to explore all the features of the app online.

Opting-Out originated as a device by which one or more provinces choose not to participate in a federal-provincial shared cost program; instead the province receives direct payment (in cash or tax room) of funds which would have been spent there.