Black Female Freedom Fighters

In 1933 Mary Percy Jackson published her letters to England, 1929-31, in a book entitled On the Last Frontier: Pioneering in the Peace River Block.

The Imperial Order Daughters of the Empire was founded in 1900 in Fredericton, NB, by Margaret Polson Murray of Montréal, who envisioned an organization of women devoted to encouraging imperialism.

The branches of the Guiding movement include Sparks, Brownies, Guides, Pathfinders, Rangers, Cadets and Junior Leaders, with groups in most communities in every province and territory, under the leadership of women volunteers and community leaders.

Women now make up slightly more than half of all people living in Canada. In fact, in 1991, the last census year, 50.4 per cent of the total population was female, compared with 50.2 per cent in 1981 and 48.4 per cent in 1921.

No guest is so welcome in a friend's house that he will not become a nuisance after three days.

 The Federation of Medical Women of Canada is a national organization committed to the professional, social and personal advancement of women physicians and to the promotion of the well-being of women both in the medical profession and in society at large.

  Canadian Women's Press Club was founded in June 1904 in a CPR pullman car when 13 Canadian women journalists were returning home after covering the St Louis World's Fair.

The Canadian Federation of University Women was founded in 1919 as a Canadian counterpart to the International Federation of University Women, whose purpose was to emphasize women's role in social reconstruction and the prevention of war.

The motto "For Home and Country" reflects FWIC aims: to promote an appreciation of rural living, to develop informed citizens through the study of national and international issues (particularly those affecting women and children) and to initiate national programs to achieve common goals.

Canadian Girls in Training (CGIT) was established in 1915 by the YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSN and the major Protestant denominations to promote the Christian education of girls aged 12 to 17.

Canadian Advisory Council on the Status of Women (CACSW) was established in 1973 by the federal government on the recommendation of the Royal Commission on the STATUS OF WOMEN. It was dismantled 1 April 1995.

The National Council of Women of Canada, founded in 1893, is one of Canada's oldest advocacy associations and is a member of the International Council of Women. NCWC is a nonpartisan federation of voluntary women's organizations.

National Action Committee on the Status of Women is an action-oriented organization made up of over 700 groups from all over Canada. In 1971 the NAC started with 30 groups that have expanded to become the largest umbrella organization of women's groups in Canada.

The Women's International League for Peace and Freedom was founded 1915 in The Hague, the Netherlands, by women active in the WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE movement in Europe and North America. These women wished to end WWI and seek ways to ensure that no more wars took place.

The Royal Commission on the Status of Women in Canada (RCSW), instituted by Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson on 3 February 1967, was launched as a direct response to a six-month campaign mounted by a coalition of 32 women's organizations and led by Ontario activist Laura Sabia, then president of the Canadian Federation of University Women.

The first European expeditions that came to Canada to explore and trade for furs did not include women.

Women's Labour Leagues emerged in Canada prior to WWI. Modelled on the British Labour Leagues, auxiliaries to the Independent Labour Party, their purpose was to defend the struggles of women workers and support the labour movement.

Voice of Women, since 1960 a voluntary nonpartisan organization with members in every province of Canada, has opposed violence and war and promoted disarmament and peace.

Women have looked to the law as a tool to change their circumstances, while at the same time the law is one of the instruments which confirms their dependent status as citizens (seeSTATUS OF WOMEN).

Since the end of the 19th century, Canadian women have been organizing to redefine their place in society, to demand equality and justice. Through legal and political means, the women's movement has allowed Canadian women to obtain a certain formal equality.

Women are considered LABOUR FORCE participants only if they work outside the home. In the past women have been expected to be in the labour force only until they marry; this reflects the historical, idealized notion of a society in which the man is the breadwinner and the woman the homemaker.

In the early 19th century affluent women grouped together at the local level for charitable and religious purposes. They set up shelters and orphanages to help needy women and children, and worked for their churches through ladies' auxiliaries.

Women's Studies (also referred to as Feminist Studies) is a generic label for a diverse and fast growing area of knowledge. The first few courses in Women's Studies were taught at Canadian universities in the early 1970s.

Women in Canada obtained the right to vote in a sporadic fashion. Federal authorities granted them the franchise in 1918, more than two years after the women of Manitoba became the first to vote at the provincial level.

Although women have always been well represented in schools as students and teachers, it is possible, by examining women's participation in schooling, to understand how that participation has both reflected and produced the unequal position of women in society.