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Rice is known to have too little iron and vitamin A. In regions of the world in which humans depend almost exclusively on rice for their nourishment, deficiency in vitamin A is widespread. Insufficient vitamin A leads to vision problems and, in severe cases, blindness. Even more importantly, it is estimated that approximately 1.15 million deaths each year are related directly or indirectly to the variety of health problems caused by this deficiency. Ingo Potrykus, Prof. em., ETH Zurich and Peter Beyer at Campus Technologies in Freiburg (CTF), Germany, succeeded in 2000 in creating a rice cultivar that offers a metabolic precursor to vitamin A known as beta-carotene. Due to its yellow colour, his cultivar quickly was christened “Golden Rice”. However, critics disputed the potential of Golden Rice to fight the widespread vitamin A deficiency in developing countries, arguing that one would have to eat several kilograms of rice per day to achieve any positive effect. Recent pre-studies tell a different story.
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