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John Knox

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John Knox, engraving from Icones, by T. Beza, 1580. [Credit: Courtesy of the trustees of the British Museum; photograph, J.R. Freeman & Co. Ltd.]

John Knox,  (born c. 1514, near Haddington, East Lothian, Scotland—died November 24, 1572, Edinburgh), foremost leader of the Scottish Reformation, who set the austere moral tone of the Church of Scotland and shaped the democratic form of government it adopted. He was influenced by George Wishart, who was burned for heresy in 1546, and the following year Knox became the spokesman for the Reformation in Scotland. After a period of intermittent imprisonment and exile in England and on the European continent, in 1559 he returned to Scotland, where he supervised the preparation of the constitution and liturgy of the Reformed Church. His most important literary work was his History of the Reformation in Scotland.

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(1514-72). The leader of the Protestant Reformation in Scotland was John Knox. For years he lived in exile or was hunted as an outlaw at home. Courageous and dogmatic, he finally established Presbyterianism as Scotland’s national church.

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