The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded 104 times to 204 Nobel Laureates between 1901 and 2013. Click on the links to get more information.
"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells"
"for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent"
"for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity"
"for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity"
"for the development of in vitro fertilization"
"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase"
"for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer"
"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus"
"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells"
"for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA"
"for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease"
"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system"
"for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging"
"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'"
"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle"
"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system"
"for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell"
"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system"
"for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection"
"for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence"
"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development"
"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells"
"for their discoveries of split genes"
"for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism"
"for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells"
"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease"
"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes"
"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment"
"for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity"
"for their discoveries of growth factors"
"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism"
"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies"
"for her discovery of mobile genetic elements"
"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances"
"for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres"
"for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system"
"for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions"
"for the development of computer assisted tomography"
"for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics"
"for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain"
"for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones"
"for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases"
"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell"
"for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell"
"for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns"
"for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies"
"for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones"
"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation"
"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses"
"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis"
"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye"
"for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses"
"for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer"
"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis"
"for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism"
"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane"
"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material"
"for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea"
"for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance"
"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid"
"for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events"
"for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria"
"for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles"
"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system"
"for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes"
"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue"
"for his discovery of the citric acid cycle"
"for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism"
"for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis"
"for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it"
"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects"
"for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs"
"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses"
"for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods"
"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen"
"for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar"
"for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation"
"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases"
"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres"
"for his discovery of vitamin K"
"for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K"
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.
"for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil"
"for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration"
"for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid"
"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses"
"for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development"
"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia"
"for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity"
"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons"
"for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme"
"for his discovery of human blood groups"
"for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin"
"for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins"
"for his work on typhus"
"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica"
"for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma"
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.
"for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram"
"for the discovery of insulin"
"for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle"
"for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle"
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.
"for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism"
"for his discoveries relating to immunity"
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.
"for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus"
"in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis"
"in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs"
"for his work on the dioptrics of the eye"
"in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including the nucleic substances"
"for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland"
"in recognition of their work on immunity"
"in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases"
"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system"
"for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis"
"in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged"
"in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science"
"for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it"
"for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths"