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  • Blumea balsamifera is a flowering plant which belongs to the Asteraceae family and is used in the Philippines as a diuretic and treatment for the common cold?
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    Question 1: Chemically, diuretics are a diverse group of compounds that either stimulate or inhibit various ________ that naturally occur in the body to regulate urine production by the kidneys.
    Endocrine systemProgesteroneHormoneTestosterone

    Question 2: In medicine, diuretics are used to treat ________, liver cirrhosis, hypertension and certain kidney diseases.
    Atrial fibrillationHeart failureMyocardial infarctionHypertrophic cardiomyopathy

    Question 3: Aldosterone antagonists: spironolactone, which is a competitive antagonist of ________.
    ProgesteroneAldosteroneEstradiolCortisol

    Question 4: The main adverse effects of diuretics are hypovolemia, hypokalemia, ________, hyponatremia, metabolic alkalosis, metabolic acidosis and hyperuricemia [8].
    Diabetic ketoacidosisHyperkalemiaICD-10 Chapter IV: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseasesRenal tubular acidosis

    Question 5: Use of some ________, especially stimulants may also increase blood glucose and thus increase urination.
    DrugPhencyclidinePsychoactive drugMDMA

    Question 6: However, in certain conditions such as ________, the concentration of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia) exceeds the maximum reabsorption capacity of the kidney.
    Diabetes mellitus type 1Diabetic retinopathyDiabetes mellitusDiabetic ketoacidosis

    Question 7: ________ normally adds sodium channels in the principal cells of the collecting duct and late distal tubule of the nephron.
    CortisolProgesteroneEstradiolAldosterone

    Question 8: However, there are certain classes of diuretic which usually fall into this category, such as the ________.
    Calcium channel blockerThiazideAntihypertensive drugChannel blocker

    Question 9: Some diuretics, such as ________, help to make the urine more alkaline and are helpful in increasing excretion of substances such as aspirin in cases of overdose or poisoning.
    DiazepamAcetazolamideSulfonamide (medicine)Topiramate

    Question 10: ________-type diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide act on the distal convoluted tubule and inhibit the sodium-chloride symporter leading to a retention of water in the urine, as water normally follows penetrating solutes.
    Channel blockerThiazideCalcium channel blockerAntihypertensive drug
















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