Shani (Sanskrit Śani शनि) is one of the Navagraha which are the nine primary celestial beings in Hindu astrology, or Jyotiṣa. Shani is embodied in the planet Saturn. Shani is the Lord of Saturday; the word Shani also denotes the seventh day or Saturday in most Indian languages.

The origin of word Shani(शनि) comes from the following: Shanaye Kramati Sa: (शनये क्रमति सः) i.e. the one who moves slowly, as Saturn takes about 30 years to revolve around the Sun. Shani is also known as Shanaiscarya (शनैश्वर) Shani Bhagavan, Shaneesvara, Saneesvara, Shaneesvaran, Shani Deva.

Shani is a Deva and son of Surya (the Hindu Sun God) and his wife Chhaya (Shadow goddess) and hence also known as Chayyaputra. He is the elder brother of Yama, the Hindu God of death, who in some scriptures corresponds to the deliverance of justice. It is said that when Shani opened his eyes as a baby for the very first time, the sun went into an eclipse, which clearly denotes the impact of Shani on astrological charts. He is known as the greatest teacher. Shani dev is said to be very harmful to those who follow the path of betrayal, backstabbing and unjust revenge. He is known in Hindu scriptures as the greatest trouble giver as well as the greatest well wisher. He is depicted dark in colour, clothed in black; holding a sword, arrows and two daggers and variously mounted on a black crow.

In Hindu scriptures

The story of Shani Bhagavan's life is described in Shri Shani Mahatmyam ॥श्रीशनिमहात्म्यं॥ written several centuries ago. The story of Shani Mahatyam describes how devotion is required to please him and receive his kripa (blessings). Shri Shani Mahatyam begins with descriptions of the importance of the other planets and their strengths. These are told by the scholars serving king Vikramaditya's court from the city of Ujjain.

Shani Bhagavan is described as having a dark complexion, a beautiful face, his caste is teli (Oil vendors), and he prays Kal-bhairav. After listening to the birth story of Shani, Vikramaditya laughed and ridiculed him. Shani heard the remarks of Vikramaditya and placed a curse on him. The story goes on to describe Vikramaditya's difficulties as a result of offending Shani. He loses his kingdom, he is charged with stealing, his hands and legs are cut-off by a neighbouring king. Eventually, Vikramaditya prays to Shani, who is satisfied with Vikramaditya's devotion and brings him back to his former glory. The last part of the story describes various experiences faced by various gods, demons and sages, including Brihaspati (the Guru of gods) and Shiva et al. Shani Mahatyam stresses values such as perseverance in difficult times, complete devotion (bhakti) and faith in the values one believes in, and never to lose confidence in life in spite of difficulties.

According to the Brahma Vaivarta Purana, when the navagraha came to look upon Ganesha shortly after his birth, he lost his human head under Shani's gaze.

Shaniswara and Hanuman

The worship of Lord Hanuman is a panacea for the harsh effects of the 'unfavourable' presence of Lord Shani. In the Ramayana, Lord Hanuman is said to have rescued Shani from the clutches of Ravana and in gratitude, Shani promised Hanuman that anyone who prayed to Him (Hanuman), especially on Saturdays, would be rescued from the "malefic" effects of Saturn, or at the very least, the effects would be softened.

Another version of the encounter between Lord Hanuman and Shani Bhagavan is that once Shani climbed on to Hanuman's shoulder, implying that Shani's influence was beginning on Lord Hanuman. At this, Hanuman assumed a large size, and Shani was caught painfully between Hanuman's shoulders and the ceiling of the room they were in. As the pain was unbearable, Lord Shani requested Lord Hanuman to release him, promising in return, that if a person prayed to Lord Hanuman, he (Shani) would moderate or eliminate the malefic effects of his influence on that person; following this, Lord Hanuman released Shani.

Shaniswara and King Dasaratha

Dasaratha Maharaja was the only person who called Lord Shaniswara for duel as he was to cross his country bringing drought and poverty.Lord Shaniswarar extolled Dasaratha's virtues and replied him that "i cant skip my duties but im pleased on your courage.Great sage Rishyasingar can help you.Wherever rishyasingar is, wherever he lives that country will have no drought and dryness".King Dasaratha after receiving the blessings from Lord Shaniswarar, wisely resolved the difficult situation by making Rishyasingar as his son-in-law.'Santha' is known to be daughter of Dasaratha was married to Rishyasingar so that he is present in Ayodhya.

Ways to please Shani Bhagavan

According to legend, Shani is a devotee of Lord Shiva. As mentioned in the "Navagraha Pidahara Sthothram" of "Brahmanda Purana", anybody who chants the following sthothra is relieved from all the ill effects of Shani.

Suryaputhro Deerghadeho Vishaalaakshah Shivapriyah |

Mandachaarah Prasannathmaa peedam harathu me Shanih ||

सूर्य पुत्रो दीर्घ देहो विशालाक्षः शिवप्रियः।

मन्दचारः प्रसन्नात्मा पीडां हरतु मे शनिः ॥

The Shaneeswara Mantra In Tamil:

Sangadangal Theerpai Shani Bagavane

Mangalam Ponga Manam Vaitharul Vai

Sacharavindri Saaga neriyil

Icchagam Vaazha Innarul Thaa Thaa

According to the Vedic astrology, in order to get protection against the bad effects of Saturn's transit, the following are the possible remedies during the important transits of Saturn - Kanta Sani (When Saturn transits through the eighth house from the natal moon sign), Sade-sati (when Saturn transits through the twelfth, first and second houses from the natal moon sign) -

• Worship Mother Goddess Kali during Dark Moon
• Worship Vishnu in the form of Lord Krishna and keep chanting 'Om Namo Narayanaya', 'Hare Krishna Hare Krishna Krishna Krishna Hare Hare..'
• Pray to Sree Hanumanji in His Supreme Cosmic Form, which is the Form in which He shook Shani Bhagavan off of His back and the Form in which He received divine blessings and instructions from Surya, the sun God.

A common mantra for drawing the support of Shani Bhagavan is: Om Sham Shanaiscaryaye Namah. The following is another mantra for propitiating Shani: Aum praang preeng proung sah Shanaye namah Neelaanjan samaabhaasam raviputram yamaagrajam, Chaayaa-maartandam-sambhootam, Tam namaami Shanaishcharam.

Some devotees chant 'Om Sham Shanaiscaryaye Namah' 108 times daily. Also, if reading vedic textures are practised, then it is suggested to recite Saturn's sloka from Navagraha Suka starting 'Shanno...'

1. Perform thilabhishekam on sanitrayodasi, sanijayanthi (pushya masam bahula astami) and saniamavasya days.
2. Donate black till to Brahmin (1kg900grams)
3. Feeding to black cow(kapila govu) till, joggry mix.
4. Fasting on Saturdays (only liquids) 6 a.m to 6 p.m (sravana masam must)
5. Feeding to crows(mornings)
6. Feeding to physically disabled people.
7. Navagraha pradakshinas(19 rounds)/walking, jogging.
8. Visit famous sanitemples (once in 2/1/2years) Mandapalli, Sanisingnapur, Tirunallar, Narsingole, Venkathala and Veerannapalem (parchur mandalam, prakasam district).
9. Light two lamps in front of your main door after sunset every day with til oil.
10. Recite dasaradha maharaja krutha sani sthothram.
11. Jyestadevi, saneeshwara swamyvarla kalyanam (sravana purnimaday).
12. Sanijapam 19000, with moolamantram, punarcharana, havanan, danam.
13. Sanaichara vratham, homam on Saturdays in sravana masam.
14. Sanaichara dheeksha: sravana sudda vidiya to sravana bahula sashti.
15. Chanting 'rama nama', Hanuman chalisa, Durga sthuthi.
16. Prayers and devotion to Hanuman, Sri Durga Devi, Vinayaka.
17. Offer Curd rice, ('Thothiyanam'in tamil) curd rice mixed with cumin seeds to god and feeding them to crows.
18. Feeding to orphan child
19. Feeding to long hair cat (tuna)

In astrology

According to Vedic astrology, Shani Bhagavan is one of the nine Navagraha or planets. Shani is considered to be the strongest malefic and a stern teacher who represents patience, effort, endeavour, and endurance; and who brings restrictions and misfortunes. However, a favourably-placed Shani on the horoscope of a person stands for a strong career, healthy life and everything positive for that person. In fact, a well-placed Shani in one's horoscope is something every astrology-believing Hindu hopes for, as no other 'graha' can bestow what a favourable Shani can. Shani placed "unfavourably", on the other hand, denotes troubles in all of the above. Shani is much feared by those Hindus who believe in astrology, as the "malefic" effects of his being unfavourably placed can be quite severe. However, it is to be remembered that any pleasure or pain that befalls a person during Shani's influence is not arbitrary; rather, it is the result of the person's own karma, now being manifested in the "presence" of Shani. Thus an "unfavourably-placed" Shani brings about the harsh results of one's bad karma, and vice-versa.

The planet Shani or Saturn revolves around the Sun in about 30 years, which means it passes through all the 12 rashis or moonsigns in 30 years. Thus Shani Bhagavan spends on an average about two and half years in each rashi or moonsign. This movement of Shani through the moonsigns carries great importance in Hindu astrology and horoscope predictions. The effect of Shani starts when it enters the previous rashi/moonsign to one's own birth rashi and stops when it leaves the rashi/moonsign after one's birth rashi. The total period of 7.5 years (2.5 years × 3) is called Saadesaati or "Elanata Shani", and is typically a period of great difficulty. When it occurs for a person foregoing Shani Maha Dasha the malefic effects of the planet are highly pronounced. It is said that Shani can reduce even a king to a pauper during such period.

Shani rules the signs Makara (Capricorn) and Kumbha (Aquarius), is exalted in Tula (Libra) and is debilitated in Mesha (Aries). Mercury, Venus, Rahu, Ketu are considered friendly towards Shani or Saturn, while the Sun, Moon and Mars are enemies. Guru or Jupiter maintains neutral relations with Shani. Shani is the lord of three nakshatras or lunar mansions: Pushya, Anuradha and Uttara Bhadrapada.

Shani Bhagavan has the following associations: his color is black or dark blue, metal is iron and gemstone is Blue Sapphire. His element or tattva is air, direction is west (where the sun sets and darkness begins) and he rules all seasons. The traditional foods for Shani are sesame seeds or black gram, black lentils or udad, his flower is the violet and he is linked to all black animals and all trees that are considered useless and ugly.

Shani rules over masses. Without the planet's blessings in one's horoscope, a mass following is difficult to come by. It is said that an exalted Saturn in the ascendant (or Lagna) of one's horoscope awards one with such leadership position entailing fame from and recognition among masses. More over, such people are said to have high commitment and perseverance for the task at hand. On the other hand, a debilitated Saturn in one's horoscope makes one's 'Karma' weak and such individual with debilitated Saturn is said to have poor commitment and perseverance towards duties and hence suffers in the process of completing one's karmic obligations. Hence 'Moksha' is difficult to come by without Shaniswara's blessings in one's horoscope.

Lord Shaniswara is also known as Needhiman(Judge). He only troubles the person during his dasa for the wrong doings. Even in Shani Dosha, if a person is Righteous & Devoted he is sure to come out of this period without any ill effects.

Lord Shaniswara is more known for his Blessings than his ill effects. No other graha is comparable with Lord Shani in terms of blessings. He showers with his blessings at the end of his dasha.

Shrines for Lord Shani

"Thirunallar Shree Saneeshwarar Koil" There are clusters of nine temples/shrines dedicated to the Navagrahas. One such cluster is located near the town Kumbakonam in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Lord Shani's shrine in this cluster is located at Tirunallar. It is a Temple dedicated to Lord Darbaranyesvara, a Form of Lord Shiva, in which Lord Shani is located in a niche in a wall. At this Temple, Lord Shani is considered to be of benevolent nature. Tirunallar is close to Pondicherry, and is of paramount importance to Shaneeswaran. Millions of devotees visit this place to protect themselves from the effects of the transit of Saturn.

The Lord here is so powerful that when a person who is suffering from shani dasa comes here takes bath in the NALA THEERTHA and with their clothes wet goes and has darshan of Sri Shaneeshwara, the ill effects which he is suffering through shani dasa is sure to vanish or at least abate to some extent.

The legendary King Nala is said to have been relieved of his afflictions, which were due to the malefic influence of Saturn, after worship in this temple. Of the numerous tanks theertams, the Nala theertam is the most important one. By bathing here, it is believed that one is washed off all kinds of misfortune and afflictions.

Shani Devaalayam in Deonar: There is a Shani Temple in Deonar, in Mumbai. The temple is situated east of the Shivaji statue at the junction of Chembur, Deonar, Govandi on (Mumbai-Pune-Bangalore) Eastern Express Highway. The Presiding Deity of this Temple is Lord Shaneeswara: a beautiful, mighty, and imposing seven-foot-tall black statue.

sri saneeswralayam, veeranna palem, prakasam (dist), Andhra Pradesh.

Many devotees who have Shani Dosham, or people who are passing through Shani Mahar Dasa throng the temple, for doing Tailabhishekam (Tailam means oil in Sanskrit, Telugu and Malayalam). Nuvvula Nune (Nuvvulu means Sesame; Nune means oil in Telugu) and Ellenne (Ellu means sesame; enne means oil in Kannada) is poured with utmost devotion on the head in a manner such that the oil covers the entire idol while flowing down. The pooja done with this oil is believed to please Shaneeswara.Shaneeswara descends:

Every Saturday approximately at 10:30 in the morning, as soon as the priest gives Arati, Lord Shaneeswara is said to descend upon the main priest (who is fondly referred to as Swami). All of a sudden, the whole atmosphere in the Temple changes. One can see and feel the charged atmosphere in the temple. There after Swami sits on a chair which has a seat made of very sharp, long iron nails pointing upwards. The foot rest and hand rest are also fully fitted with upward facing, sharp long iron nails. When Lord Shaneeswara descends on Swami, he sits on this chair throughout the day, most of the time with his eyes closed. On some Saturdays he may sit upon the chair for a continuous stretch of between 12 and 13 hours without ever indicating any pain or discomfort.

Thereafter the devotees sit in silence in front of 'swami.' They are asked to bring and keep a pair of yellow lemons in their hands, waiting for their turn. Swami signals one by one by turn, to come near to him. People place the pair of yellow lemon in front of him. He listens patiently to their problems, agony, or distress or whatever they say. Then he explains the reason/cause of their agony/problem/distress. It could be 'Prarabdham', consequences of their past karmas (deeds) which are carried over to present janma, which means "life" in Sanskrit, Telugu, kannada and Malayalam. Or as Swami explains, their problems could be the result of actions/deeds of his or her present birth itself. In some cases it could be handy work of Vamachara Tantra by their enemies and ill-wishers. There are other types of cases where it is believed that Aatmas (spirits) of the deceased have occupied the sufferer's body causing misery and trouble. 'Swami' listens to them all with apt attention with closed eyes and in intent silence and offers them Prakshalana, or "cleansing" Praayaschitam Sanskrit and Telugu, or "repentance" through procedures such as yagna, pooja, dana, abstinence, etc. Thousands have claimed that their prayers have been answered by "Shaneeswara" through 'Swami'.

In the premises of this Shani temple, navagraha mandapam is also there apart from Hanuman, Jagadeeswara, Saibaba and Mata deities. sanctum Sanctorum has a very tall imposing murthy of Lord Shaneeswara along with Jestha Devi. To his left is Hanuman and to his right is Jagadeeswara Swami.

Shani Shingnapur – Another important Shrine for Lord Shani is in Shingnapur, in Maharashtra, India. Shingnapur is located half-way between Shirdi and Aurangabad. The deity here is "Swayambhu" that is self emerged from earth in form of Black but imposing stone. Though no one knows exact period, it is believed that Swayumbhu shaneeswara was found from time immemorial by shepherds of then local hamlet. It is believed be in existence at least since Kaliyugam.

The story of swayambhu (=Sanskrit self-evolved deity) handed down from generations through word of mouth, goes something like this : When the Shepherd touched stone with a pointed rod the stone began bleeding. The shepherds were astounded soon whole village hamlet gathered around to watch the miracle. On that night Lord shaneeswara appeared in the dream of most devoted and pious of the shepherds.

He told the shepherd that he is "Shaneeswara". He also told that the Unique looking Black Stone is His swayambhu form. The shepherd prayed and asked Lord whether he should construct a temple for him. To this, Lord Shani Mahatma said there is no need for a roof as the whole sky is his roof and he preferred to be under open sky. He asked the shephered to do daily pooja and 'tailabhishekam' every Saturday without fail. He also promised the whole hamlet will have no fear of dacoits or burglars or thieves.

So, Lord Shaneeswara can be seen even today, in the open yard without any roof above. To this day, there are no doors for any house, shop, temple. It is to be seen to believe that even post office has no door, not to speak of locks. Due to fear of Lord Shani, none of the structures, be it dwelling houses, huts, shops etc situated within one kilometer radius of this Lord Shani temple, have neither doors and locks. No thievery or burglary ever occurred here in this hamlet called Shani Shingnapur. Some who have tried to steal have died omitting blood within minutes of their act and before they could cross the boundary. Many others are said have received varied punishments such as long sickness, mental imbalance etc.

This Shani Shingnapur is visited daily by thousands of devotees praying for Lord Shaneswara's favour. The place is busiest on Saturdays. Shani Trayodasi is considered to be a favorite day for the lord. Similarly Saturday falling on 'Amavasya'(new moon day in Sanskrit, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam) is considered to be a favorites day for the Lord Shaneeswara. Thousands of devotees seeking his blessings throng this temple in thousands.

One of the mantras for Shani raya isNILANJANA SAMABHASAMRAVI PUTRAM YAMAGRAJAM |CHAYA MARTHANDA SAMBHUTAMTAM NAMAMI SHANAISCHARAM

The Tallest Statue of Lord Shani in the World at Shanidham, twenty-one feet high, made of Ashtadhatu Shree Shaneeshwarara Temple, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra Shree Shaneeshwarar Temples in Mumbai::There are several Shree Shaneeswara Swami Temples in Mumbai. There is a very nice Shani temple in Dombivli in the area Shankeshwar Nagar on Manpada Road. Every Saturday devotees gather together to chant Lord Shani's aarti & stotra at 8 p.m. One mandir is situated next to Nageshwar pasharvanathji jain temple, at Ghatkopar (west) close to Sheryas cinema. There is a Shree Shani Mandir at Katemanevli, Kalyan (East), near Vitthalwadi ( Central Rly ) Railway Station. There is a Shree Shani Mandir on the Service Road at Khar East on Western Express Highway just about 500 mts before the Vakola Signal when travelling from Mumbai city to Suburbs. There is a Shree Shani Mandir 15 minutes walkable from National Park at Savarpada, Borivali (East). One Shani temple is in Jogeshwari (East) in Meghwadi here devoties can avail the facility of listening to The story of Shani Mahatmya during 12 Noon to 6 pm on Saturday Evenings. There a temple at Sector-11, Nerul(East), Navi Mumbai. In several parts of India, there are clusters of nine temples/shrines dedicated to the Navagrahas. One such cluster is located near the town Kumbakonam in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Lord Shani's shrine in this cluster is located at Tirunallar. It is a Temple dedicated to Lord Darbaranyesvara, a Form of Lord Shiva, in which Lord Shani is located in a niche in a wall. At this Temple, Lord Shani is considered to be of benevolent nature. Tirunallar is close to Pondicherry, and is of paramount importance to Shaneeswaran. Millions of devotees visit this place to protect themselves from the effects of the transit of Saturn. Temples at other places: A Shani temple ShaniDham, is at Fatehpur Beri, about 6 km from Chhattarpur temple and 16 km from the Qutub Minar, at Mehrauli, South Delhi, India. It has the tallest (21 feet high) statue of Lord Shani in the world made of Astdhatu and a natural rock of Shani. Many devotees visit every Saturday to please Lord Shani. The main Poojan for Kaalsarp and Sadhesatti and Dhaiya are done here on Shani Amavasaya, the most auspicious day for pleasing Lord Shani. Vada Thirunallar Sri Saneeshwaran Koil - This temple is located in Venkatachalam Street, West Mambalam, Chennai, India. In this temple Sri Shani Bhagawan can be seen along with his wife Sri Neelambikai. The temple also has Sri Vinayagar, Sri Durga and Sri Panchamukha Hanuman. Another temple is at Kuchanoor, 20 km from Theni, near Madurai. The Lord is seen in swayambhu (self-appeared) form, the name of the town being derived from Kubjan, one of Shani's names (Kubjanoor). There is a Viswaroopa Sarvamangala Shaneeswara Bhagawan sannidhi inside Devi Nagamuthu Mariamma temple in EB Colony, Adambakkam. Saneeswarar Sannadhi inside Paya Lebar Eeswaran Temple, Singapore: There is a majestic Saneeswara bhagavan in full standing form enshrined in a separate sannadhi in the Sivan Temple in Paya Lebar. (Alight at Aljunied MRT and walk a few mins). Sani bhagavan is accompanied on both sides by deepa maadams - walls with small pedestals for hundreds of oil lamps - a blissful sight when you go there on Saturdays when most devotees offer lamps lit in Sesame oil. Om Saneeswaraye Namah: Shani in Jainism One who prays to Lord Munisuvarat is protected from Shani as he is a devotee of Lord Munisuvarat Swami, the 20th Jain Tirthankar). Shani pilgrimages Shree Shani Mahatma temple, Pavagada, Karnataka State Lord Shani Temple, Gwalior Kokilavan, Vrindavan. Shree Shani Temple Beedh, Maharastra. Shree Shani Kshetra Nastanpur, Maharastra. Shree Shani Kshetra Model Tirth Nandur bar, Maharastra. Shree Shani Kshetra Rameshwar Tirth. Shree Shani Tirth Tirunalaru, Tamil Nadu. Shree Shani Mandir Tirth, Ujjain. Shree Shani Shingnapur, Maharastra. Shree Shani Tirth Kshetra, Asola, Fatehpur Beri, Mehrauli, Delhi. Shree Sidh Shakti Peeth ShaniDham, Shree Shani Temple, Madivala, Bangalore Shanaischara Temple Hassan Sree Shanimahatma Temple, Pavagada, Tumkur dist, Karnataka Sree Shanimahatma Temple, Sayyajirao road, Mysore. Sree Shaneeswara Temple, NandiWaddemanu, Nagarkurnool, Andhra Pradesh. Sree Shani Temple, Hathla, Jamnagar District, Gujarat sri saneeswaralayam, veerannapalem, parchoor mandal, prakasam (dist) Andhra Pradesh. Sri shaneeswaralayam, Mandapalli village, West-Godavari dist, Andhra Pradesh, India. Sri Shaneeswara Temple, Gunjur Village, next to Varthur, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Sri Shaneeswara Temple, Kannanmangala Village, next to Belthur, Near Sri Sathya Sai Ashram, Whitfield, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Sri Shaneeswara Temple, on the way to Chikka thirupathi, Bangalore, Samethahalli,Karnataka, India Sri Shaneeswara Temple, Tirupathi, near Tirupathi bus stand, Andhra Pradesh, India Sri Shaneeswara Temple, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India Sri Shaneeswara Temple, Hosur Main Road, Next to Hosa Road, Basapura Village, Bangalore, Karnataka, India See also Navagraha ShaniDham References The Greatness of Saturn or Shani Mahatmyam, from Robert Svoboda. External links Live Webcasting of Sanipeyarchi on 26 Sept 2009 from Thirunallar Shani Shinganapur http://www.chennaionline.com/toursntravel/placesofworship/lordsani.asp Thirunallaru Saneeswara Bagawan Temple Website