Since having experienced the rapid development of reform and opening-up, China’s private enterprises are facing with sluggish growth in the follow-up and could not compete with multinational companies facing competition .Private enterprise’s management ,decision-making ,supervision is still dependent on the founder of the enterprise ,internal control risk is growing with the deterioration of the external environment .Therefore, how to ensure the long-term stability of enterprises and to grow up in market competition is a serious problem for every private enterprise.From the perspective of internal control, this paper describes the development of private enterprises when it reaches a certain size must straighten out the corporate governance structure, establish a sound internal control mechanism, and regard internal audit and management control as an important building work. In this paper, I have an in-depth analysis on Midea Group’s internal audit system with Lenovo and Huawei two private enterprises for comparison, finding that the Midea Group’s internal audit system at present is a decentralized organization system, the independence of the audit is not strong, the lack of audit Planning and audit quality is not high enough, the technology of the audit falling behind and so on, and this auditing system will not be able to support the Midea Group’s sales in 2010 amounted to 100 billion and the Group’s financial-control management of the transition development needs. In this paper, the solution is based on financial performance and processes for 2 or 3 years .Until the conditions are ripe and then go beyond the supervision and with the introduction of consultation to achieve a phased upgrading of the audit function, both to strengthen supervision and output management services. Specific measures include raising the independence of the internal audit organization, strengthening the professional competence of the internal audit staff and on the basis of risk assessment drawing up the annual audit plans to determine the audit project, establish internal audit process standards and norms and improve the existing internal audit operations. This article can be applied directly to the Midea Group’s internal audit work with a theoretical and practical value of the operation of practical significance.
The Relevance of Corporate Governance, Earnings Management and Audit Fees
Audit pricing is the important part of the process,which is in the registered accountants’audit mechanism in the specific operation, closely linked with the accounting firms’ market-competitive conduct and audit practice, therefore the audit pricing has an important position in the academic and practical study of the audit. Usually foreign accounting theory and practical circles reckon audit fees as an alternative variable of pricing audit.February 5,2001, the United States Securities Commission (SEC) asked listed companies in the United States to disclose the cost of the audit and related services in their annual report.Since then,the study of the price of audit services reaches a climax in the West. December 24, 2001, the China Securities Regulatory Commission required public companies to announce the compensation paid to the accounting firms.The provision provided the opportunity for an empirical study of influencing factors of audit fees in China.Looking at the empirical research of factors of the impact on audit fees, focusing on the company’s financial indicators, research results are also more mature.But, with the deep development of research, scholars not only keep a close watch such as the scale of customers,the complexity of clients,the risk of customers financial indicators, many professionals are but also exploring if they should consider the impact of corporate governance structure when the auditors are determining the audit fees? Further, if auditors will take into account the behavioral characteristics of internal corporate governance, such as if the audit risk potentially implemented by senior management’s earnings management activities reflected in the audit fees? In fact, this is also the goal of this study and the key points explored. In this paper, on the basis of the literature review, the concept production, the theoretical analysis and assumptions made,the selection of 2318 samples of China’s Shanghai and Shenzhen A shares of capital markets between 2003 and 2006 is regarded as the study of listed companies. Simunic model of the audit costs referred, the size of the board of directors, the proportion of independent directors, the two grades of chairman and general manager combined together, the top 5 largest shareholding ratio measured ownership concentration, the ultimate controlling shareholder for the Government measured the nature of equity, the Audit Committee of the settings, the proportion of senior management ownership and accruals measured earnings management, regarded as the explanatory variable indicators. The study found:the size of the board is significantly related to audit fees, the proportion of independent directors of listed companies and the Government of the ultimate controlling shareholder and the proportion of stocks held senior management was negatively correlated to the audit fees, and the existence of non-linear relationship between concentration of ownership and audit fees has been verified. The two level-one of chairman and general manager, the status of the Board of Auditors, earnings management are not significantly related to audit fees. Through empirical research results, when the auditors are determining the audit fees, they should take into account the impact of corporate governance structure.
Research on the Effect of Audit Quality on Earnings Management in Chinese Listed Companies
Audit service is named as a kind of special goods that owns “social credibility”, the level of which will directly affect CPA’s survival and development. Therefore, the extent of earnings management to the listed companies is bound to reflect the degree of conservatism and independence of CPA effectively during their practice. As a result, the effective restriction of audit quality on the behavior of earnings management has become an important issue both in theoretical and practical aspects when it is applied in positive accounting and auditing research.The study of the relationship between audit quality and earnings management in western country has experienced more than 20 years, with a wide range of comprehensive and constructive conclusions. The auditor scale and specialty represented by Big4 accounting firms as proxy of audit quality in almost ideal market environment has nearly proved its function of detecting and controlling firm’s earnings management. In contrast, researchers in our country just set out to test the conclusion and gather the evidence for this issue in our developing Securities Auditing market. Based on the difference on the degree of market effectiveness, the difference of institutional background, and the limitations of research methods etc, however, conclusions haven’t reach an agreement. On the other hand, the studies of auditor specialty as proxy of audit quality is relatively rare in China. This paper is aimed to conduct the further research of internal relationship between audit quality and earnings management in our stock market.After reviewing the former studies both from China and abroad, we start from the general definition of audit quality and analyze that based on auditor independence as well as auditor qualification. Since audit supply and demand both affect how auditors exert their impact on firm’s earnings management, this paper will balance the two interactive powers at the same time. Realizing that audit quality is a self-selection decision, we empirically apply a Heckman(1979) two-stage model to test whether audit quality is an endogenous variable. Using the financial data of Chinese listed companies from year 2002 to 2007, we first use Probit model to test the effect of endogeneity to the OLS and estimate the inverse mill’s ratio in the demand side of audit service. Second, we use an accrual selection model included the inverse mill’s ratio from the last stage to test whether the audit scale and specialty as proxy of audit quality can control the earnings management based on both demand and supply aspects. We also conduct further test in a separate sample of each year from 2002 to 2007. We conclude that, owing to the difference on governance environment, market traits and risk level of audit market, audit quality in China does exert a gradual effect to earnings management. The impact cannot be detected significantly during the year 2002 to 2005 but become significant after the year of 2006 for the reason that the accumulative effect of developing strategy in scale and industrial expertise need a time span to indicate. Our results support the policy of enlarging scale and cultivating industrial expertise, mending audit principle, and regulating internal governance for CPA firm etc.
Research on Determinants of Major Stockholders Tunneling of Listed Companies in China
The focus of today’s corporate governance has focused on large shareholders and small shareholders on the conflict of interest. In the listed companies in China, because the only big state-owned “a” special equity structure of the existing shareholders, big shareholders, namely the tunneling very common, increasing attention. Major shareholder in the mass of the “tunneling” approach, the major shareholder of the illegal occupation of the capital of listed companies and is particularly serious, a series of accounting for section issues abound. Today, many of our major shareholders of listed companies and its related parties shall account for this kind of” tunneling ” behavior has become a heavy and sensitive topic. Major shareholder of this kind of” tunneling ” the existence of the phenomenon has been seriously disrupted order in the capital market, capital market system has become a hindrance. If the major shareholder of” tunneling ” the issue of long-term can not be resolved, the normal order of the capital market can not be truly established, the institutionalization of the building would be out of the question. To this end, the major shareholder of” tunneling” issue related to the long-term stability of the capital market, will drag down the healthy development of the economy as a whole. The major shareholder of the West on the ” tunneling ” the theoretical and empirical research has been the emergence of a large number, compared with foreign countries, our research in this area is still in its infancy.In this paper, the system return to Western scholars study the major shareholder of listed companies ” tunneling ” the factors affecting the basis of the experience of literature, combined with economic systems of China’s specific characteristics, will have an impact on China’s major shareholders of listed companies ” tunneling ” into the internal behavior governance mechanisms and external governance factors in two categories. Select cities in China 2002-2007 Shenhu 4000 listed companies in the sample data through the single variable T test, multiple regression analysis tested the major shareholder of China’s listed companies ” tunneling ” the impact of factors that act.The results showed that internal governance factors:(1) the nature of the controlling shareholder stake for the country with the largest shareholder of the ” tunneling ” acts of negative correlation; (2) the existence of controlling shareholders to form enterprise groups to the major shareholder of” tunneling” behavior There is no significant impact; (3) increased degree of concentration of ownership of large shareholders, ” tunneling ” behavior, while the share of checks and balances to effectively inhibit the major shareholder of the ” tunneling ” behavior; (4) the proportion of managers and shareholders the proportion of institutional investors and major shareholders are ” tunneling ” the relevant acts; (5) the proportion of independent directors could inhibit the majority shareholder of the ” tunneling ” behavior, in both the majority shareholder has one of the ” tunneling ” behavior no effect. In the external governance factors:(1) the quality of external audit and the major shareholder of the ” tunneling ” acts of a significant negative correlation; (2) intense competition in product markets can contribute significantly to the degree of inhibition of the major shareholder of the ” tunneling ” behavior.
The Energy-saving and Pollution-reduction for Cotton Dyeing Industry
In China, the cotton printing and dyeing industry has a large consumption of resources and energy, and is one of the industries of emitting large amounts of pollutants. Its water consumption, comprehensive energy consumption, and waste emissions per unit of product, are 2 to 3 times more than those of the developed countries, have badly affected the strategy for sustainable development and the development of circular economy. Therefore, promotion of cleaner production in printing and dyeing enterprise, to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction, is imperative. In this study, a typical cotton knitting dyeing factory considered as a case, its cleaner production study, focusing on water conservation and emission reduction, was carried out and the main research results obtained are as follows:First, audit and research concerning cleaner production were carried out in this factory.①Through accounting of water balance, material balance and energy conversion, dyeing workshop was regarded as the focus of water conservation and waste reduction, here all dyestuffs and auxiliaries are almost used up, which is a major source of various wastewater pollutants, and water consumption account for the total consumption of 98.8%; Finishing workshop is key breakthrough of energy saving, and coal water slurry （CWS） constiture 36% of total energy consumption in this unit, but only 10% of its’heat to be effectively used, about 90% heat loss.②The inventory analysis of three types of products, classified on light, intermediate, dark in color, were performed, by which energy consumption, material consumption, and pollution emissions per unit of product were monitored and analyzed, and among them, water consumption per unit of product are 113 t/t product, 121 t/t product and 134 t/t product, respectively, correspongding to three types of products, the CODCr emission factors are, similarly, 92 kg/t product, 94 kg/t product and 93 kg/t product. These results modified and improved cleaner production evaluation index system, and the final evaluation, based on the material consumption and energy consumption, shows that the level of cleaner production of this factory is in state’s level-3.③The improvement opportunities of cleaner production in this factory were discussed, and proposed pre-treatment process with bio-enzymes, cold pad-batch dyeing, cold water countercurrent washing, and many other energy-saving initiatives, and economic and environmental benefits of them were assessed.Secondly, on the basis of cleaner production, in order to minimize the use of fresh water in this factory, water conservation and emission reduction were studied.①Water system in this factory were divided into water supply systems, water use systems, and wastewater treatment and recycling systems. Through three kinds of methods, water-saving technology analysis, water consumption per unit of product analysis and wastewater reuse analysis, factory water-saving potential were analyzed, and the results showed that water-saving potential of three systems were 88,000 m3/a , 263,000 m3/a, and 441,000 m3/a respectively.②Using high temperature sample-dyeing machine, different water quality indexes were proposed, and water reuse quality criteria for reusing to different levels, such as cooling water, return water and process water, and the different fabrics dyeing, were studied, and it is further confirmed that water quality criteria and indicator system by practical application via testing whiteness, color fastness, strength loss, etc, to meet production requirements.③Based on the pollutant concentration limit value coming from above water quality standards, using TDS as single restrictive impurity, water pinch analysis was used to calculate smallest volume of fresh water for the factory, during the process that water is modeled as a single impurity water system. Concentration interval diagram （CID） used to determine the system pinch, at the same time, water pinch with the TDS is 5520.00 mg/L, and the minimum amount of fresh water used is 2200 t/d. Considering the factors of CODCr and Color, Nearest Neighbors Algorithm （NNA） was used to adjust to water network optimization, and considering of waste water treatment plant for more removal of TDS, which made pinch concentration reduced to 1200 mg/L （when TDS removal of 80%）, and then further optimize the water network, the results indicated that the minimum fresh water consumption turn to the 1700 t/d.④With the results of water pinch analysis, it was opposed that three types of measures water reuse, including direct reuse of waste water, on-site reuse after a simple treatment, and reuse after end-of-pipe treatment. Finally, comprehensive analysis showed that the largest wastewater reuse rate of this company was 75%.
Based on Data Mining Undergraduate Research Evaluation Management Information System
In recent years, with the rapid development of China’s higher education, to ensure the quality of professional construction, Shanghai Municipal Education Commission launches “new profession inspection” and “bachelor’s degree authorization inspection” every year according to the different phases of professional construction. The aim of the inspection and evaluation is to reinforce the guidance and the management of the newly-established undergraduate professional construction.Data mining technology is currently a hot issue of the application, research and development of database. Through the analysis of large amounts of data in the database, it discovers hidden information and gets access to knowledge to provide support for decision making. In the first place, the thesis makes a systematic analysis and study of the data mining technology and especially the rule and the application of association mining, and then discusses its hot research field and development direction, which constitute the theoretical basis of thesis.Based on ASP + SQL SERVER 2000 platform, B/S structure and waterfall model, an undergraduate professional evaluation management information system is designed, developed and implemented in the subject of the thesis. The system can achieve the main functions of the dynamic management of evaluation materials and evaluation data collection and has featured functions such as target comparison and horizontal professional data comparison. Taking into account the development of evaluation index and the compatibility and scalability of the system, regular expressions and AJAX technology are applied into data table management and authentication.Then, the thesis describes in detail the application of data mining to a number of specific professional elements, getting important hidden information from complicated professional data, conducting evaluation analysis of professional teaching quality by Apriori way of association rules, analyzing the reasons for the influence of design paper quality, and discussing the professional development direction and research priorities of data mining technology.
Research on Determinants of Major Stockholders Tunneling of Listed Companies in China
The focus of today’s corporate governance has focused on large shareholders and small shareholders on the conflict of interest. In the listed companies in China, because the only big state-owned “a” special equity structure of the existing shareholders, big shareholders, namely the tunneling very common, increasing attention. Major shareholder in the mass of the “tunneling” approach, the major shareholder of the illegal occupation of the capital of listed companies and is particularly serious, a series of accounting for section issues abound. Today, many of our major shareholders of listed companies and its related parties shall account for this kind of” tunneling ” behavior has become a heavy and sensitive topic. Major shareholder of this kind of” tunneling ” the existence of the phenomenon has been seriously disrupted order in the capital market, capital market system has become a hindrance. If the major shareholder of” tunneling ” the issue of long-term can not be resolved, the normal order of the capital market can not be truly established, the institutionalization of the building would be out of the question. To this end, the major shareholder of” tunneling” issue related to the long-term stability of the capital market, will drag down the healthy development of the economy as a whole. The major shareholder of the West on the ” tunneling ” the theoretical and empirical research has been the emergence of a large number, compared with foreign countries, our research in this area is still in its infancy.In this paper, the system return to Western scholars study the major shareholder of listed companies ” tunneling ” the factors affecting the basis of the experience of literature, combined with economic systems of China’s specific characteristics, will have an impact on China’s major shareholders of listed companies ” tunneling ” into the internal behavior governance mechanisms and external governance factors in two categories. Select cities in China 2002-2007 Shenhu 4000 listed companies in the sample data through the single variable T test, multiple regression analysis tested the major shareholder of China’s listed companies ” tunneling ” the impact of factors that act.The results showed that internal governance factors:(1) the nature of the controlling shareholder stake for the country with the largest shareholder of the ” tunneling ” acts of negative correlation; (2) the existence of controlling shareholders to form enterprise groups to the major shareholder of” tunneling” behavior There is no significant impact; (3) increased degree of concentration of ownership of large shareholders, ” tunneling ” behavior, while the share of checks and balances to effectively inhibit the major shareholder of the ” tunneling ” behavior; (4) the proportion of managers and shareholders the proportion of institutional investors and major shareholders are ” tunneling ” the relevant acts; (5) the proportion of independent directors could inhibit the majority shareholder of the ” tunneling ” behavior, in both the majority shareholder has one of the ” tunneling ” behavior no effect. In the external governance factors:(1) the quality of external audit and the major shareholder of the ” tunneling ” acts of a significant negative correlation; (2) intense competition in product markets can contribute significantly to the degree of inhibition of the major shareholder of the ” tunneling ” behavior.
Research and Development of Integrated Network Management System Based on Fingerprint Identification Technology
These traditional network management software have the following drawbacks: low integration, authentication is too simple, software deployment troubles, single function and so on. To solve these problems, paper presents a new network management system based on biometric technology and agent-based technology.This article describes a new network management software EasySafe Manager the authors involved in the development of that. And for the operational audit section, discusses how to extract vast amounts of network data management needs of sensitive data, how the acquisition, processing and preservation of these data, for identity and Rights Management, given a detailed description of fingerprint identification technology’s applications in the network management system. This research work include the following aspects:(1) based on fingerprint identification technology and agent technology, network management system’s overall architecture(2) System Design and Implementation of fingerprint Identification(3) Data collection and processing(4) System database design
The Design of University Lab Synthesized Management System
The talented person of the 21st century should master advanced science and technology, have innovation ability and know how to carry out the theory into work, so all the university try their best all the time to nurture students’talent that listed above. The lab of university plays a prominent role in this situation, that because the lab is an only but very importance place where students can practice what they learned. The university lab is a place that can cultivate talented students, promote scientific and technological innovations, it indeed gives full scope to improve the quality of students and develop the science and technology. Since the status of the laboratory is so high and important, the levels of efficiency and management of lab definitely not only can influence the quality of teaching directly, but also affect the cultivating of students’practical and innovation ability. Therefore, the purpose of this design is to enable the system be applied into the management of laboratory, make sure the lab can be used by students and teachers more effective, management of laboratory can become more convenience, the teaching environment will be much better, in one word, to increase the overall strength of the application of laboratory to university.As we all know, with the rapid development of network technology, all of our social life seems full of it, and the network indeed makes society and people’s life change tremendously. Therefore, combine the laboratory’s construction、development and network technologies together, and consider updating of information as a regular work, take the innovation of lab as a big thing to handling, and it will definitely become the trend of development of laboratory in the future. In order to suit the needs of the time, this project is the designer of University Lab Management System. The system is designed in Dreamweaver as development tool and use the ASP technique; it shows the perfect union of ASP and server. And it uses SQL Server as database. This system constructs an open network teaching website which supports basic information management, course management, and article management. It can set up a bridge through this system between the teachers、students and the administrator. Through this system, students can known basic information form the course, submit homework, check scores; Teachers can post the application of using a lab, check students homework. The administrator can manage the basic information of the whole system, arrange lab, post articles and announce and so on. This teaching website not only provides teaching managers a powerful teaching management function, provides teachers a friendly teaching platform, but also provides a comfortable and positive studying environment for students. It is a new and effective way to improve teaching quality and teaching benefit. The students’ability to innovate and practical ability has been improved when using the lab fully and effectively. By designing and applying this system, it is sufficient to prove that the construction of network will definitely open up a broad prospect for application of laboratory.The most prominent feature of this system is that it make the Student-oriented teaching mode come true and can provide a space where students will exploit the science freely, the students no longer be restricted by the time and space. Students will shift from learn the content of a particular domain to learn the method of learning and take more focus on how to learn and how to create. At the same time, the burden of the teacher has been lightened and the work efficiency also been improved. In some sense, this system expands educational method in space, break the restriction of time of education, and make the teachers and knowledge resources share come true.