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From Berlin Bohemia to Hitler: The Weimar Republic's Crisis Democracy & the Emergence of German Fascism

New College of California Humanities/Interdisciplinary Studies Spring 2005 Instructor: Scott J. Thompson

These pages are dedicated to the memory of Rosa Luxemburg and the Spartakist League.

Contents

Course Syllabus/Assigned Readings	The German Revolution, 1918-1919	Weimar Era Theatre
Bibliography	The Weimar Republic: Political History	German Film during the Weimar Republic
Geography of Germany & Central Europe	The Rise of German Fascism	German Avant-garde Music
The First World War, 1914-1918	Weimar Era Literature & Authors	Links to German Sites
The Versailles Treaty 1919	Art & Architecture

The Spartakist Uprising

Course Syllabus & Assigned Weekly Readings

Week 1: January 20 The Great War & German Revolution 1918-1919	Week 2: January 27 The New Republic & The Versailles Treaty 1919-1920	Week 3: February 3 The Failed Revolution's Republic & the Reaction 1920-1921
Week 4: February 10 Assassinations & The Emergence of Fascism 1921-1922	Week 5: February 17 Occupation & Inflation 1922-1923	Week 6: February 24 Road to Recovery & New Sobriety 1923-1924
Week 7: March 3 Neue Sachlichkeit or Cultural Bolschevism 1924-1925	Week 8: March 10 Americanism vs. the Folk Community 1925-1926	Week 9: March 17 Avant-garde & Agit-prop in the Taylorized Economy 1926-1927
Week 10: March 31 Cultural Conservatism & Reactionary Modernism 1927-1928	Week 11: April 7 The Mass Ornament of German Silent Film 1928-1929	Week 12: April 14 The Golden Years on the Eve of the Great Depression 1929-1930
Week 13: April 21 Little Man, What Now?: The Parliamentary Progress of the NSDAP 1930-1931	Week 14: April 28 Beginning of the End: From Brüning to Von Papen 1931-1932	Week 15: May 5 The Bitter End: From Schleicher to Hitler 1932-1933

Links:

General History [In English]

Geography of Germany & Central Europe

• Historical Maps of Germany
• East Central Europe 1914-1945 (An AMAZING Bibliography)
• European Historical Maps [Superb Maps--Univ. of Texas: Austin]
• German Empire, 1917 [Superb Map--Univ. of Texas: Austin]

The First World War (1914-1918)

• World War I: Trenches on the Web (An essential site)
• Encyclopaedia of the First World War (from Spartacus Educational)
• The Origins of World War I
• The Heritage of the First World War
• Omar Bartov: Industrial Killing: WWI, The Holocaust and Representation

The Versailles Treaty (1919)

• The Versailles Treaty
• The Treaty of Versailles

The German Revolution (1918-1919)

• History of Berlin: Revolutionary Period & Weimar Republic
• The Republic Besieged: 1918-1923
• Turmoil: The German Revolution, 1918-1919
• The Spartakist Uprising (power point presentation with evocative graphics)
• Spartakist Rising (from Spartacus Educational)
• Kurt Eisner (from Spartacus Educational)
• E. Balfort Bax: The Death of Kurt Eisner [marxists.org]
• Obituary of Kurt Eisner: Feb. 27, 1919 [marxists.org]
• The Republic Besieged: 1918-1923

Rosa Luxemburg

• Rosa Luxemburg Internet Archive
• Rosa Luxemburg [Stanford Univ. German Dept.]
• Karl Liebknecht Internet Archive
• Karl Liebknecht [Stanford Univ. German Dept.]
• Otto Rühle Archive

The Weimar Republic (1918-33): Political History/Political Parties/Politicians

• The Weimar Republic
• European History: Weimar Links
• The Weimar Constitution
• Early Problems of the Weimar Republic
• German Economy 1919-1923
• History of Germany: 1920-1923 (very useful tables of Chancellors and the dates of their service)
• The Freikorps (from Spartacus Educational)
• Women's Right to Vote in Austria 1919
• World War I and Weimar Republic: Primary Documents
• The Weimar Republic I: Economic and Political Problems
• Parliamentary Elections in Weimar Republic, Germany
• The Collapse of the Weimar Republic
• The Fall of the Weimar Republic
• The Weimar Republic and the Third Reich [Chronology]
• German History [Virtual Library--Univ. of Erlangen]
• AS Weimar History [King David High School, U.K.]
• German Police: From Weimar Republic to Nazi Dictatorship
• The Reichstag Fire

The Coalitions, Chancellors, and Presidents of the Weimar Republic (essential information)

 

Coalitions	Elections	Chancellor	Enter Office	Leave Office/Resign	Political Party
SPD, Zentrum; DDP	Jan 1919	Friedrich Ebert	Nov 1918 Dec 1918	Dec 1918 Feb 1919	SPD
SPD, Zentrum, DDP		Philip Scheidemann	first Chancellor of Weimar Republic, February 13, 1919	Jun 1919	SPD
SPD, Zentrum, DDP		Gustav Bauer	Jun 1919	Mar 1920	SPD
SPD, Zentrum, DDP		Hermann Müller	appointed Chancellor: March 27- June 8, 1920	June 1920;	SPD
Zentrum, DDP, DVP	June 1920	Konstantin Fehrenbach	appointed Chancellor: June 25, 1920	resigns May 4, 1921	Zentrum
Zentrum, DDP, SPD		Josef Wirth	appointed Chancellor May 10, 1921/ Oct. 1921	Oct. 1921; resigns November 14, 1922	Zentrum
Zentrum, DDP, DVP		Wilhelm Cuno	appointed Chancellor: November 12, 1922	resigns August 12, 1923	No Party
DVP, SPD, DDP Rule by pres.decree (from Sept 1923)		Gustav Stresemann	appointed Chancellor August 13, 1923/ Oct 1923	Oct 1923 Nov 1923	DVP
Zentrum, DDP, DVP, BVP Zentrum, DDP, DVP	June 1924	Wilhelm Marx	appointed Chancellor: November 30, 1923	resigns December 15, 1924	Zentrum
Zentrum, DVP, DNVP, BVP Zentrum, DDP, DVP, BVP	Dec 1924	Dr. Hans Luther	appointed Chancellor: January 15, 1925	resigns May 12, 1926	No Party
Zentrum, DDP, DVP, BVP Zentrum, DVP, DNVP, BVP		Wilhelm Marx	May 1926 Jan 1927	Jan 1927 Jun 1928	Zentrum
SPD, DDP, Zentrum, BVP, DVP	May 1928	Hermann Müller	June 28, 1928	resigns March 30, 1930	SPD
Rule by presidential decree Rule by presidential decree	Sep 1930	Dr. Heinrich Brüning	appointed Chancellor: March 30, 1930	resigns March 30, 1932	Zentrum
Rule by presidential decree Rule by presidential decree	July 1932	Franz von Papen	appointed Chancellor: March 30, 1932	resigns November 17, 1932	Zentrum/No Party
Rule by presidential decree Rule by presidential decree	Nov 1932	Kurt von Schleicher	appointed Chancellor: December 2, 1932	resigns January 28, 1933	No Party
Rule by presidential decree Rule by presidential decree	Mar 1933	Adolf Hitler	appointed Chancellor: January 30, 1933		NSDAP

 

Presidents of the Weimar Republic

Friedrich Ebert	becomes Reich President August 21, 1919
Paul von Hindenburg	elected Reich President April 27,1925; re-elected April 10, 1932
Adolf Hitler	Aug 1934

 

The Reichstag Elections 1920-1933

1st Reichstag Election,

June 6, 1920

KPD: 4 seats

USPD: 84 seats

SPD: 102 seats

Zentrum (Centre): 64 seats

DDP: 39 seats

DVP: 65 seats

BVP: 21 seats

DNVP: 71 seats

2nd Reichstag Election,

May 4, 1924

KPD: 62 seats

SPD: 100 seats

Zentrum (Centre): 65 seats

DDP: 28 seats

DVP: 45 seats

BVP: 16 seats

DNVP: 95 seats

Economics Party: 10 seats

Landbund: 10 seats

Racialists: 32 seats

3rd Reichstag Election,

December 7, 1924

KPD: 45 seats

SPD: 131 seats

Zentrum (Centre): 69 seats

DDP: 32 seats

DVP: 51 seats

BVP: 19 seats

DNVP: 103 seats

Economics Party: 17 seats

Landbund: 8 seats

Racialists: 14 seats

4th Reichstag Election,

May 20, 1928

KPD: 54 seats

SPD: 153 seats

Zentrum (Centre): 62 seats

DDP: 25 seats

DVP: 24 seats

BVP: 16 seats

DNVP: 73 seats

Economics Party: 23 seats

Landbund: 3 seats

Landvolk: 10 seats

Farmers' Party: 8 seats

Nazis: 12 seats

5th Reichstag Election,

September 14, 1930

KPD: 77 seats

SPD: 143 seats

Zentrum (Centre): 68 seats

DDP: 20 seats

DVP: 30 seats

BVP: 19 seats

DNVP: 41 seats

Economics Party: 23 seats

Landbund: 3 seats

Landvolk: 19 seats

German Farmers' Party: 6 seats

Nazis: 107 seats

6th Reichstag Election,

July 31, 1932

KPD: 89 seats

SPD: 133 seats

Zentrum (Centre): 75 seats

DDP: 4 seats

DVP: 7 seats

BVP: 22 seats

DNVP: 37 seats

Economics Party: 2 seats

Nazis: 230 seats

7th Reichstag Election,

November 6, 1932

KPD: 100 seats

SPD: 121 seats

Zentrum (Centre): 70 seats

DVP: 11 seats

BVP: 20 seats

DNVP: 52 seats

Nazis: 196 seats

November 17, 1932: Chancellor Franz von Papen resigns

December 2, 1932: Kurt von Schleicher appointed Chancellor

January 28, 1933: Von Schleicher resigns

January 30, 1933: Hitler appointed Chancellor

February 27, 1933: Reichstag Fire

February 28, 1933: Decree to Protect the German People & the State

 

8th Reichstag Election,

March 5 , 1933

KPD: 81 seats

SPD: 120 seats

Zentrum (Centre): 74 seats

DVP: 2 seats

BVP: 18 seats

DNVP: 52 seats

Nazis: 288 seats

 

Political Parties & Politicians

• BVP Bayerische Volkspartei (Bavarian People's Party, link in German) [Bavarian People's Party in English from Wikipedia.org]
• Catholic Centre Party
• DDP Deutsche Demokratische Partei (German Democratic Party)
• DVP Deutsche Volkspartei (German People's Party)
• DNVP Deutschnationale Volkspartei (German National People's Party - German Nationalists)
• KPD Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (German Communist Party)
• NSDAP Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Workers' Party - Nazis)
• SPD Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (German Social Democratic Party - Majority Social Democrats)
• USPD Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (German Independent Social Democratic Party)
• Gustav Noske (Defense Minister)
• Matthias Erzberger
• Prince Max of Baden (appointed Chancellor October 1, 1918)
• Walther Rathenau (Foreign Minister, 1922/assassinated June 24, 1922)

The Rise of Fascism in Italy & Germany/Neofascism

Italy

• The Freikorps (from Spartacus Educational)
• The Rise of Fascism [Juno Beach Center - Canada in WWII]
• Fascism [wikipedia.org]
• "Rational Fascism"an essay by Michael Parenti [Chapt. 1 of Black Shirts & Reds ]
• Rise of Fascism in Italy [York Univ./Canada]
• Fascism in Italy [revision-notes.co.uk]
• Italian Fascism [bibliography]
• Italian Syndicalism & Fascism
• Fascism
• WWI & the Rise of Mussolini [pdf file]
• The Rise of European Fascism and WWII
• Mussolini's Fascism
• Fascism [by Robert Clark, Univ. of East Anglia for Literary Encyclopedia]

Germany

• The Rise of Hitler & The Destruction of the German Left (Trotsky's Writings on German Fascism)
• The Rise of Hitler by Jeremy Noakes (BBC History site)
• The Nazi Dictatorship [An Annotated Bibliography]
• Nazi Doctors & Nazi Medicine [Racial Hygiene in the Third Reich]
• Nazi Propaganda (1933 - 1945): Speeches and writings by Nazi leaders.
• The Nuremburg War Crimes Trials: [The Avalon Project of Yale Law School]
• Old Nazis, The New Right & The Republican Party[from thirdworldtraveler.com]
• Fascism & National Socialism [Bibliography from the Pansophist Bibliothek of the Walter Benjamin Research Syndicate]
• Leon Trotsky: "Fascism: What it is and How to Fight it" (1930-1932)
• Dokumente des Nationalsozialismus (Primary documents in the German original from the Law School of the University of Wuerzburg, Germany, http://www.uni-wuerzburg.de/rechtsphilosophie]
• Georg Hodel, "Evita, the Swiss & the Nazis" [from iF magazine, Jan./Feb. 1999 via thirdworldtraveler.com]
• German Diplomacy Files Folder Titles List (Essential documents from the FDR Library & Digital Archives)
• Noam Chomsky, How the Nazis Won the War [excerpts from an interview via thirdworldtraveler.com]
• Nazi and Soviet Art

Neo-fascism

• The ANTIFA INFO-BULLETIN
• Anti-Racism/Anti-Fascism
• The Anti-Fascist Web
• Transnational Corporations [from thirdworldtraveler.com]
• The Washington Connection & Third World Fascism [excerpt from the book by Noam Chomsky & Edward Herman via thirdworldtraveler.com]
• Chip Berlet, "What is Fascism?" [NLG Civil Liberties Committee, Sept. 27, 1992]
• The Rise of American Fascism
• The Origins of Fascism in the 30s and 90s

Berlin: The City as Body, the City as Metaphor

[Stanford University Department of German]

Literature

• Hugo Ball (1886-1927)
• Dada Blokes: [Hugo Ball, Andre Breton, Richard Huelsenbeck, Max Ernst, Tristan Tzara, Marcel Duchamp, Hans Arp, Kurt Schwitters]
• Johannes R. Becher
• Gottfried Benn (1886-1956)
• Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956)
• Bertolt Brecht [Stanford Univ. German Dept.]
• Alfred Döblin (1878-1957)
• Alfred Döblin [Stanford Univ. German Dept.]
• Hans Fallada (1893-1947)
• Stefan George (1868-1933)
• Gerhart Hauptmann (1862-1946)
• Hermann Hesse (1877-1962)
• Georg Heym
• Hugo von Hofmannsthal (1874-1929)
• Christopher Isherwood [Stanford Univ. German Dept.]
• Ernst Jünger (1895-1998)
• Franz Kafka (1883-1924)
• Georg Kaiser (1878-1945)
• Egon Erwin Kisch (1885-1948)
• Siegfried Kracauer [Stanford Univ. German Dept.]
• Siegfried Kracauer [short bio. with links]
• Siegfried Kracauer [biographical power point presentation]
• Siegfried Kracauer [Excerpt from Gertrud Koch' s biography]
• Else Lasker-Schüler (1869-1945)
• Else Lasker-Schüler [Stanford Univ. German Dept.]
• Heinrich Mann (1871-1950)
• Klaus Mann
• Thomas Mann (1875-1955) [Biography from Nobelprize.org]
• Thomas Mann's Novel Loulou trans. by Kenneth Bourke (1921)
• Christian Morgenstern
• Erich Mühsam [These pages on Mühsam from recollectionsbooks.com are superb]
• Robert Musil
• Carl von Ossietzky
• Rainer Maria Rilke Archive
• Arthur Schnitzler
• Carl Sternheim
• Ernst Toller
• Georg Trakl
• Kurt Tucholsky [wikipedia.org]
• Kurt Tucholsky [Stanford Univ. German Dept.]
• Jakob Wassermann
• Franz Werfel
• Carl Zuckmayer
• Arnold Zweig
• Stefan Zweig

WEIMAR AND NOW: GERMAN CULTURAL CRITICISM

University of California Press

Art & Architecture

Art History Resources on the Web:

20th Century Art

Cabaret Voltaire: DaDa/Situationist

• German Drawings and Prints from the Weimar Republic [Metropolitan Museum of Art]
• Modernism--The Bauhaus
• Bauhaus Archiv Museum of Design
• Glossary of Art Movements
• Kunst ist Scheisse [Art in Weimar Berlin]
• Weimar Visual Culture and Media Theory [UCLA]
• Klinger to Kollwitz: German Art in the Age of Expressionism [Princeton Universsity Exhibit 2002]
• Neue Sachlichkeit [by Anna Glazova]
• Degenerate Art --Defining the Nazi Ideal
• Art and Politics of the Weimar Republic [DePaul University]
• Art and Politics of the Weimar Republic - Midterm Study Guide [DePaul Univ.]
• Weimar Art of Social Criticism [Florida Holocaust Museum]
• Art and Politics in the Weimar Period: The New Sobriety 1918-1933 [Book Review]
• Ernst Barlach
• Max Beckmann

Otto Dix

• Otto Dix Biography [paletaworld.org]

George Grosz (1893-1959)

• George Grosz [Stanford Univ. German Dept.]
• George Grosz [askart.com]
• George Grosz [facinghistorycampus.org]
• George Grosz [collection @ Arizona State Univ.]

John Heartfield

• John Heartfield Glossary
• John Heartfield Homepage
• Biography (@lineargirl.org)
• Short Biography (@spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk)
• George Eastman House: Still Photograph Archive /Index to 23 Selected Images
• Biography (@wikipedia.org)
• HEARTFIELD (Musical based on the Life & Works of John Heartfield)
• http://www.stanford.edu/dept/german/berlin_class/people/heartfield.html

 

• Paul Klee
• Paul Klee
• Käthe Kollwitz [Stanford Univ. German Dept.]
• August Macke
• Franz Marc
• Franz Marc [Stanford Univ. German Dept.]
• Emil Nolde
• Kurt Schwitters
• Walter Gropius 1883-1969 [Deutsch/English]
• Bruno Taut (1880-1938)[Biographical Chronology]

Weimar Era Theatre

Leopold Jessner (1878 -1945)

• Marta Mierendorff Collection on Leoopold & Fritz Jessner
  

Max Reinhardt (1873-1943)

• Biographical essay
• Max Reinhardt Archives & Library

Vsevolod Meyerhold (18__-19__)

• http://www.meyerhold.org/English/home.htm
• Meyerhold, Mass Theatre & Fascism
• Meyerhold & Stanislavsky: Art & Politics in the Russian Theatre 1898-1940
  

Erwin Piscator (1893-1966)

• http://homepages.tesco.net/~theatre/tezzaland/webstuff/piscator.html
• http://www.erwin-piscator.de/Bibliography.htm
• http://www.bartleby.com/65/pi/Piscator.html
• http://images.google.com/images?num=20&hl=en&q=erwin%2Bpiscator
• http://www.altavista.com/image/results?q=erwin+piscator&avkw=xytx

Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956)

• http://www.universalteacher.org.uk/drama/brecht.htm
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verfremdungseffekt
• http://www.stanford.edu/dept/german/berlin_class/people/brecht5.html
• http://www.dulwich.org.uk/drama/resources/BERTHOLT%20BRECHT.htm
• http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=554
• http://homepage.ntlworld.com/bradsweb/brecht.htm
• http://www.poetryconnection.net/poets/Bertolt_Brecht
• http://www.mcauley.acu.edu.au/staff/delyse/bertolt.htm
• http://www.gradesaver.com/ClassicNotes/Titles/threepenny/about.html
• http://hsc.csu.edu.au/drama/hsc/studies/brecht/2758/Brecht.htm
• http://www.writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/50s/brecht-review.html
• http://script.vtheatre.net/brecht.html
• http://www.4to40.com/legends/index.asp?article=legends_bertoltbrecht
• http://faculty.petra.ac.id/rbasuki/brecht.htm

Brechtian Terms

Brecht's Marxist Aesthetic by Douglas Kellner

BRECHT & PISCATOR: Experimental Theatre in Berlin during the 1920s

Short History of Early Workers Theatre in Germany

German Cabaret Between the Wars

Berlin in the 1920s: Conversations with Otto Klemperer and Lotte Lenya

German Film History/Directors/Actors/Screenplaywrights/Individual Films

 

Directors

Karl Grune (Dir.)[from german-cinema.de]	F.W. Murnau (Dir.) [wikipedia.org] Murnau's Cinema Universe	Robert Wiene (Dir.)
Fritz Lang Fritz Lang (Dir.) Fritz Lang [wikipedia.org] Fritz Lang [Stanford Univ. German Dept.] Fritz Lang Filmography	G.W. Pabst (Dir.) [page of links from Louise Brooks Studies]	Paul Wegener (Dir.)
The Cinema of Ernst Lubitsch (Dir.)	Joseph von Sternberg (Dir.) [from sensesofcinema.com]	Leni Riefenstahl (Dir.) Das Blaue Licht - The Art of Leni Riefenstahl
Joe May (Dir.) [from Dartmouth Univ.]	Walter Ruttmann (Dir.)

• German Expressionist Cinema 1919-1933
• German Expressionism by David Hudson (Green Cine.com)
• Cinema and Film Industry in the Weimar Republic, 1918-1933 [Seçil Deren, unpublished MSc. Thesis]
• UFA [Book Review of The UFA Story 1992]
• Alfred Hugenberg
• Weimar Era Films [Intro. to Film Studies: Weimar Cinema/Prof. Glenn Cuomo]
• Introduction to Film Studies: Weimar Cinema [Prof. Glenn Cuomo]
• Weimar Cinema and After: Germany's Historical Imaginary by Thomas Elsaesser [Book Review]
• Dangerous Dames: Women and Representation in the Weimar Street Film and Film Noir [Book Review]
• Unknown Weimar: The Spaces of German Silent Cinema [Univ. of Michigan]

Leading Weimar Films

(in progress)

Pre-war to 1918 The Student of Prague (1913) [from german-cinema.de]	1919 The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1919) [from german-cinema.de] The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1919) The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari [poster] The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1919) [synopsis from moria.co.nz (New Zealand): The Science Fiction, Horror & Fantasy Film Review] Madame DuBarry (Passion) (1919) [from german-cinema.de]	1920 The Golem (1920) [synopsis from moria.co.nz (New Zealand): The Science Fiction, Horror & Fantasy Film Review] The Golem (1920) [from german-cinema.de]
1921 Destiny (1921) [synopsis from moria.co.nz (New Zealand): The Science Fiction, Horror & Fantasy Film Review] Nosferatu (1921) [from german-cinema.de] Nosferatu (1921) [synopsis from moria.co.nz (New Zealand): The Science Fiction, Horror & Fantasy Film Review]	1922 Othello (1922) Dr. Mabuse, the Gambler (1922) Dr. Mabuse, the Gambler (1922) [synopsis from moria.co.nz (New Zealand): The Science Fiction, Horror & Fantasy Film Review]	1923 Fortune's Fool (1923) The Street (1923) [from german-cinema.de]
1924 The Last Laugh (1924) [from german-cinema.de] Siegfried (1924) Krimhilde's Revenge (1924) Waxworks (1924) [synopsis from moria.co.nz (New Zealand): The Science Fiction, Horror & Fantasy Film Review] Waxworks (1924) [from german-cinema.de]	1925 Tartuffe (1925) Varieté (1925) [from german-cinema.de] The Street of Sorrow [Die Freudlose Gasse] (1925) [from german-cinema.de]	1926 Faust -A German Folk Tale (1926) [from german-cinema.de] Faust (1926) [synopsis from moria.co.nz (New Zealand): The Science Fiction, Horror & Fantasy Film Review]
1927 Metropolis (1927) Metropolis (1927) [synopsis from moria.co.nz (New Zealand): The Science Fiction, Horror & Fantasy Film Review] Berlin, The Symphony of a Great City (1927) Berlin, Symphony of a Great City (1927)	1928 Pandora's Box (1928) Spies (1928) Sex in Chains (1928)	1929 Asphalt (1929) Diary of a Lost Girl (1929) [from german-cinema.de] Woman in the Moon (1929) [synopsis from moria.co.nz (New Zealand): The Science Fiction, Horror & Fantasy Film Review]
1930 The Blue Angel (1930) The Blue Angel [Stanford Univ. German Dept.]	1931 Girls in Uniform (Maedchen in Uniform )(1931) [from german-cinema.de] M (1931) M (1931) [from german-cinema.de] Comradeship (Kameradschaft) (1931) [from german-cinema.de] Threepenny Opera (1931) [Stanford Univ. German Dept.] To Whom Does The World Belong (Kuhle Wampa) (1931) [from german-cinema.de] Berlin-Alexanderplatz (1931) [from german-cinema.de] Emil and the Detectives (1931) [from german-cinema.de]	1932 The Blue Light (1932) [riefenstahl.org] Leni Riefenstahl, Belá Balász and The Blue Light

The Bakchos Film Archive [Working Collection of the Walter Benjamin Research Syndicate]

Auf Deutsch

Politik

• Kurt Eisner: Sittenbilder des Kapitalismus
• Kurt Eisner: Im preußischen Herrenhaus
• Kurt Eisner: An die Bevölkerung Münchens
• Die inoffizielle Kurt Eisner Page
• kurt-eisner.de
• Kurt Eisner: Texte im Internet
• Erich Mühsam ­ Staatsverneinung (1926)
• Weimarer Republik: Visual Library - Geschichte/Zeitgeschichte
• Die Weimarer Republik
• Reinhard Rürup: Die Revolution von 1918/19 in der deutschen Geschichte
• Die Geschichte der Revolution 1918/1919 in Berlin
• Die Revolution von 1918/1919
• Novemberrevolution 1918
• Ingo Materna : 9. November 1918 - der erste Tag der Republik / Eine Chronik Nacht vom 8. zum 9. November
• Preussen-Chronik: Novemberrevolution 1918
• Lüttwitz- Kapp-Putsch
• Freikorps 1918-1933
• Tagebuchaufzeichungen zum Kapp Putsch
• Matthias Erzberger
• Gustav Noske (Defense Minister)
• Paul von Hindenburg (1847-1934)
• Konstantin Fehrenbach (1852-1926)
• Walter Rathenau (1867-1922)
• Paul von Hindenburg (1847-1934)
• Kurt von Schleicher (1882-1934)
• Gustav Stresemann
• Alfred Hugenberg (1865-1951)

Kunst & Literatur

• Bauhaus-archiv Museum für Gestaltung
• Anita Berber Archiv - Berlin
• Johannes R. Becher (1891-1958)
• Gottfried Benn (1886-1956)
• Alfred Döblin (1878-1957)
• Hans Fallada (1893-1947)
• Stefan George (1868-1933)
• Georg Heym (1887-1912)
• Egon Erwin Kisch (1885-1948)
• Siegfried Kracauer
• Siegfried Kracauer
• Siegfried Kracauer [wikipedia.org]
• Heinrich Mann (1871-1950)
• Heinrich Mann [Freie Univ. Berlin]
• Erich Mühsam Gesellschaft-Lübeck
• Wer war Erich Mühsam?
• Erich Mühsam ­ Die Anarchisten (1927)
• Die Gedichte von Rainer Maria Rilke
• Rilke.de--Gedichte und mehr
• Georg Trakl (1887-1914)[Goethe Institute]
• Werschs Webseiten für Georg Trakl
• UFA- Geschichte [Goethe Institute Helsinki]
• Erwin Piscator ---Biografie
• Piscator: Chronologisches Inszenierungsverzeichnis

Kurt Tucholsky

• http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/TucholskyKurt/
• http://www.tucholsky.net/
• http://www.tucholsky-gesellschaft.de/
• http://www.tucholsky-gesellschaft.de/index.htm?KT/Biographie/biographie1.htm
• http://ingeb.org/tucholsk.html
• http://www.goethe.de/os/hon/aut/detuch.htm

Carl Zuckmayer

• http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/ZuckmayerCarl/
• http://www.carl-zuckmayer.de/Zuckmayer/zuckmayer.html
• http://www.land.salzburg.at/schule/faecher/deutsch/zuckmayer/

 

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