Fasad

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In some dialects and languages, the unrelated architectural term 'facade' is spelled 'fasad'.

Part of a series on Islamic Jurisprudence (of Islamic studies)
Fields
Economical Political Marital Criminal Tazir - Discretionary Punishments Hudud - Fixed Punishments Maisir - Gambling Blasphemy Zina – Extra-Marital Sex Hirabah - Terrorism Fasad - Mischief Rajm - Stoning Qisas - Retribution Diyya - Compensation Etiquette Theological Hygiene Military This box: view • talk • edit

Beliefs and practices
Part of a series of articles on Islam
Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Charity • Pilgrimage
Major figures
Muhammad Companions of Muhammad Prophets of Islam
Texts & Laws
Qur'an • Sunnah • Hadith
Major branches
Sunni • Shi'a This box: view • talk • edit

Fasad is an Arabic language term meaning corruption, unlawful warfare, or crimes against law and order in the Muslim community.^[1] The Qur'an relates the term to actions during wartime that would qualify as war crimes, such as the deliberate killing of non-combatant civilians.^[1] In recent years, many Islamic thinkers have defined acts of terrorism by Muslims as "fasad" and anti-Islamic.^[2]^[3]^[1]

Fasad is a general concept of social disorder that, within Islamic jurisprudence, is the source of and basis for 'Hirabah'-related laws. 'Hirabah' refers to illegal acts done under the principle of fasad.^[4]

1 Appearances in the Koran
2 Interpretations
3 References
4 See also

[edit] Appearances in the Koran

Sura Al-Ma'ida Verse 32 uses the term,^[5] generally translated into English as "mischief", and states that:

The Qur'an, chapter 5 (Al-Ma'ida), verse 32:

“

For this reason did We prescribe to the children of Israel that whoever slays a soul, unless it be for manslaughter or for mischief in the land, it is as though he slew all men; and whoever keeps it alive, it is as though he kept alive all men; and certainly Our apostles came to them with clear arguments, but even after that many of them certainly act extravagantly in the land.— translated by M. H. Shakir

”

[edit] Interpretations

International Islamic University scholar M. Moniruzzaman defines the term as inculding both domestic and international terrorism as well as broader anti-social activities such as extortion, organized crime, drug trafficking, and human trafficking.^[1] M.J. Akbar, editor of the Indian magazine Covert, has stated that, “Terrorism has no place in Islamic doctrine. The Koranic term for the killing of innocents is ‘fasad.’ Terrorists are fasadis, not jihadis. In a beautiful verse, the Koran says that the killing of an innocent is akin to slaying the whole community."^[2]