List of Polish monarchs
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"Queen of Poland" redirects here. For queens consort of Poland, see List of Polish consorts.
Poland, or at least its nucleus, was ruled at various times either by książęta (Dukes) (ca. 10th-14th century) or by Kings (ca. 11th-18th century). The longest-reigning dynasties were the Piasts (ca. 960 – 1370) and Jagiellons (1386–1572). Intervening and subsequent monarchs were often rulers of foreign countries or princes recruited from foreign dynasties. During the latter period a tradition of free election of monarchs made it a uniquely electable position in Europe (16th-18th centuries). Polish independence ended with the Third Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1795) and was restored at the end of World War I (1918) on a republican basis.
Contents |
[edit] Monarchs of Poland
| Ruler | Dynasty | Reign | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Siemowit | Piast | Duke 9th century | legendary; son of Piast | |
| Lestko | Piast | Duke 9th-10th century | legendary; son of Siemowit | |
| Siemomysł | Piast | Duke 10th century | legendary | |
| Mieszko I | Piast | Duke 960?-992 | son of Siemomysł first Christian monarch |
|
| Bolesław I the Brave (Boleslas I) |
Piast | Duke 992-1025 King 1025 |
son of Mieszko first to be crowned King |
|
| Mieszko II Lambert | Piast | King 1025-1031 | son of Boleslas I | |
| Bezprym | Piast | Duke 1031-1032 | son of Boleslas I | |
| Otton | Piast | Duke 1032 | son of Boleslas I | |
| Thiedric | Piast | Duke 1032 | Mieszko I's grandson | |
| Mieszko II Lambert | Piast | Duke 1032-1034 | restored | |
| Kazimierz I the Restorer (Casimir I) |
Piast | Duke 1039-1058 | son of Mieszko II | |
| Bolesław II the Bold (Boleslas II) |
Piast | Duke 1058-1076 King 1076-1079 |
son of Casimir I | |
| Władysław I Herman (Ladislas I) |
Piast | Duke 1079-1102 | son of Casimir I | |
| Zbigniew | Piast | Duke 1102-1107 | son of Ladislas I; first jointly with Boleslas III |
|
| Bolesław III Wrymouth (Boleslas III) |
Piast | Duke 1102-1138 | son of Ladislas I first jointly with Zbigniew introduced senioral principle |
|
| Władysław II the Exile (Ladislas II) |
Piast | High Duke 1138-1146 | son of Boleslas III also Duke of Silesia exiled by his brothers |
|
| Bolesław IV the Curly (Boleslas IV) |
Piast | High Duke 1146-1173 | son of Boleslas III also Duke of Masovia |
|
| Mieszko III the Old | Piast | High Duke 1173-1177 | son of Boleslas III also Duke of Greater Poland |
|
| Kazimierz II the Just (Casimir II) |
Piast | High Duke 1177-1190 | son of Boleslas III; also Duke of Wiślica and Sandomierz |
|
| Mieszko III the Old | Piast | High Duke 1190 | restored | |
| Kazimierz II the Just (Casimir II) |
Piast | High Duke 1190-1194 | restored | |
| Leszek I the White | Piast | High Duke 1194-1198 | also Duke of Sandomierz | |
| Mieszko III the Old | Piast | High Duke 1198-1199 | restored | |
| Leszek I the White | Piast | High Duke 1199-1202 | restored | |
| Mieszko III the Old | Piast | High Duke 1202 | restored | |
| Władysław III Spindleshanks (Ladislas III) |
Piast | High Duke 1202-1206 | son of Mieszko III also Duke of Greater Poland |
|
| Leszek I the White | Piast | High Duke 1206-1210 | restored | |
| Mieszko I Tanglefoot | Piast | High Duke 1210-1211 | son of Ladislas II; also Duke of Wrocław |
|
| Leszek I the White | Piast | High Duke 1211-1227 | restored; assassinated | |
| Władysław III Spindleshanks (Ladislas III) |
Piast | High Duke 1227-1229 | restored | |
| Konrad I of Masovia | Piast | High Duke 1229-1232 | son of son of Casimir II also Duke of Masovia |
|
| Henryk I the Bearded (Henry I) |
Piast | High Duke 1232-1238 | also Duke of Silesia | |
| Henryk II the Pious (Henry II) |
Piast | High Duke 1238-1241 | son of Henry I; also Duke of Wroclaw and Greater Poland; fell at Legnica |
|
| Konrad I of Masovia | Piast | High Duke 1241-1243 | also Duke of Masovia | |
| Bolesław V the Chaste (Boleslas V) |
Piast | High Duke 1243-1279 | son of Leszek the White | |
| Leszek II the Black | Piast | High Duke 1279-1288 | ||
| Henryk IV Probus (Henry IV) |
Piast | High Duke 1288-1290 | also Duke of Lower Silesia | |
| Przemysł II (Premyslas II) |
Piast | High Duke 1290-1295 King 1295-1296 |
also Duke of Poznań, Greater Poland and Pomerania |
|
| Václav II (Wenceslas II) |
Přemyslid | High Duke 1296-1300 King 1300-1305 |
Duke of Lesser Poland since 1291 |
|
| Václav III (Wenceslas III) |
Přemyslid | King 1305-1306 | son of Wenceslaus III uncrowned; assassinated |
|
| Władysław I the Elbow-high (Ladislas I/IV) |
Piast | High Duke 1306-1320 King 1320-1333 |
||
| Kazimierz III The Great (Casimir III) |
Piast | King 1333-1370 | son of Władysław I | |
| Ludwik (Louis) |
Anjou | King 1370-1382 | nephew of Casimir III | |
| Jadwiga (Hedwig) |
Anjou | King 1382-1399 | daughter of Louis I reigned jointly with her husband Ladislas II since 1386 |
|
[edit] Kings of Poland and Grand Dukes of Lithuania
[edit] Jagiellon Dynasty
| Ruler | Dynasty | Reign | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Władysław II Jagiełło (Ladislas II) |
Jagiellon | 1386-1434 | reigned jointly with his wife Jadwiga until 1399 | |
| Władysław III (Ladislas III) |
Jagiellon | 1434-1444 | Also king of Hungary
fell at Varna, therefore surnamed "of Varna" |
|
| Kazimierz IV (Casimir III/IV) |
Jagiellon | 1447-1492 | ||
| Jan I Olbracht (John I Albert) |
Jagiellon | 1492-1501 | ||
| Aleksander (Alexander) |
Jagiellon | 1501-1506 | ||
| Zygmunt I the Old (Sigismund I) |
Jagiellon | 1506-1548 | ||
| Zygmunt II August I (Sigismund II August I) |
Jagiellon | 1548-1572 | ||
[edit] Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
| Ruler | Dynasty | Reign | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Henryk Walezy (Henry III) |
Valois | 1573-1574 | abandoned the Polish-Lithuanian throne on becoming King of France | |
| Maksymilian II (Maximilian I) |
Habsburg | 1575 | election contested after four days | |
| Anna | Jagiellon | King 1575-1586 | reigned together with her husband Stephen Báthory | |
| Stefan I Batory (Stephen I Báthory) |
Báthory | 1576-1586 | reigned together with his wife Anna; regarded as one of the greatest kings of Poland | |
| Maksymilian III (Maximilian II) |
Habsburg | 1587 | defeated by Zygmunt Vasa | |
| Zygmunt III (Sigismund III ) |
Vasa | 1587-1632 | Also King of Sweden 1592-1599 | |
| Władysław IV (Ladislas IV) |
Vasa | 1632-1648 | ||
| Jan II Kazimierz (John II Casimir) |
Vasa | 1648-1668 | ||
| Michał Korybut (Michael I) |
Wiśniowiecki | 1669-1673 | ||
| Jan III (John III) |
Sobieski | 1674-1696 | ||
| August II Mocny (Augustus II the Strong) |
Wettin | 1697-1706 | abdicated | |
| Stanisław I (Stanislas I) |
Leszczyński | 1706-1709 | yielded to Augustus II | |
| August II Mocny (Augustus II the Strong) |
Wettin | 1709-1733 | restored | |
| Stanisław I (Stanislas I) |
Leszczyński | 1733-1736 | restored, defeated
in War of the Polish Succession, abdicated |
|
| August III Sas (Augustus III) |
Wettin | 1734-1763 | ||
| Stanisław II August (Stanislas II August) |
Poniatowski | 1764-1795 | abdicated | |
[edit] Claim made by foreign states after Partitions of Poland
| Ruler | English | Dynasty | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
[edit] Kings of Galicia and Lodomeria |
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| Maria Teresa | Maria Theresa | Habsburg | 1772-1780 | the Austrian portion obtained in the first partition of Poland |
| Józef II | Joseph II | Habsburg-Lorraine | 1780-1790 | |
| Leopold II | Leopold II | Habsburg-Lorraine | 1790-1792 | |
| Franciszek II | Francis II | Habsburg-Lorraine | 1792-1835 | |
| Ferdynand I | Ferdinand I | Habsburg-Lorraine | 1835-1848 | |
| Franciszek Józef I | Francis Joseph I | Habsburg-Lorraine | 1848-1916 | |
| Karol I | Charles I | Habsburg-Lorraine | 1916-1918 | |
[edit] Dukes of Warsaw |
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| Fryderyk August | Frederick August I | Wettin | 1807-1815 | created in 1807 as a satellite of Napoleon, dissolved at the Congress of Vienna and divided into the Russian Kingdom of Poland and the Prussian Grand Duchy of Poznań |
[edit] Kings of "Congress" Kingdom of Poland |
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| Aleksander I | Alexander I | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov | 1815-1825 | created at the Congress of Vienna and therefore dubbed "Congress Poland" |
| Mikołaj I | Nicholas I | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov | 1825-1855 | deposed by Sejm during uprising of 1831, autonomy abolished in 1832 |
| Aleksander II | Alexander II | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov | 1855-1881 | annexed into Russia after uprising in 1863 |
| Aleksander III | Alexander III | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov | 1881-1894 | |
| Mikołaj II | Nicholas II | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov | 1894-1917 | abdicated |
[edit] Grand Dukes of Poznań |
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| Fryderyk Wilhelm III | Frederick William III | Hohenzollern | 1815-1840 | created at the Congress of Vienna; represented by Duke-Governor Antoni Radziwiłł until 1831 |
| Fryderyk Wilhelm IV | Frederick William IV | Hohenzollern | 1840-1861 | autonomy abolished in 1849 |
| Wilhelm I | William I | Hohenzollern | 1861-1888 | |
| Fryderyk III | Frederick III | Hohenzollern | 1888 | |
| Wilhelm II | William II | Hohenzollern | 1888-1918 | abdicated 9 November 1918 |
[edit] See also
- Royal coronations in Poland
- Royal Coronations at Wawel Cathedral
- Dukes of Greater Poland
- Dukes of Masovia
- Dukes of Pomerania
- Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca
- Dukes of Silesia
- List of Galician rulers
[edit] External links
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