Table of Contents

General IntroductionPART I: FASCISM IN ITALYIntroductionA. Fascism as an Oppostion MovementIntroductioni. Pre-1918 Tributaries of Fascism1.. The War as a Source of National Renewal, Giovanni Papini2.. The War as a Proletarian Cause, Revolutionary Syndicalism3.. The War as the Catharsis of Italian Society, Filippo T. Marinetti4.. The War as a Revolutionary Event, Benito Mussolini5.. 'Trenchocracy', Benito Mussolini6.. The Futurist Vision of the New Italy, Political Futurism7.. From the Old Italy to the New, Alfredo Rocco8.. The War as the Midwife of a New Italian People, Roberto Farinacciii Fascism in Opposition 23 March 1918 - 27 October 19229.. San Sepulcro Fascism, Benito Mussolini10.. The Regency of Fiume as the Harbinger of the New Italy, Gabriele D'Annunzio and Alceste De Ambris11.. The Nationalist Blueprint for a New Italy, The Italian Nationalist Association12.. The Squadistri as the Revolutionaries of the New Italy, Mario Piazzesi13.. Fascism as the Victory of the New Italy, Luigi Federzoni14. The Incorporation of the Peasantry into the Italian Nation, Benito Mussolini15. Fascism's Myth: The Nation, Benito Mussoliniiii. The Coalition Government 30 October 1922 - 3 January 192516.. A Futurist Portrait of the New Prime Minister of Italy, Filippo T. Marinetti17. The New State Born of Syndicalism and Statism, Sergio Panunzio18. Fascism's European Mission, Curzio Malaparte19. The End of the Liberal Regime, Benito MussoliniB. Fascism in Power January 1925-April 1945Introductioni. The Formative Years of the 'Totalitarian' Regime January 1925-February 192920.. Fascism as a Total Conception of Life, Giovanni Gentile21.. Fascist Mysticism, Italian Fasci Abroad22.. Fascism as the Creator of the Third Italian Civilization, Benito Mussolini23. The Leader as the Voice of the Reborn Race, Augusto Turati24.. The Strength in Numbers, Benito Mussolini25.. The Anti-Modernist Aesthetic of Strapaese, Mino Maccari26.. The Modernist Aesthetic of Novecento, Marco Bontempelli27.. The University as the Incubator of a Fascist Elite, Giuseppe Bottai28.. The Achievements of the Fascist Revolution, Benito Mussoliniii The Period of Consolidation 1930-193429.. Towards a Fascist Europe, Asvero Gravelli30.. The Role of Youth under Fascism, Giovanni Giurati31.. Fascist Corporativism as the Key to a New International Order, Ugo Spirito32.. Mussolini's Century, Giuseppe Bottai33.. Going to the People, Achille Starace34.. The Birth of a New Civilization, Benito Mussoliniiii Imperialist Expansion and Alignment with Nazism 1935-193935.. The Vital Need for Empire, Benito Mussolini36.. , Two Marching Songs of Fascist Soldiers Abroad(a) From the Abyssinian Campaign(b) From the Spanish Campaign37.. The Autarkic Mentality and the New Fascist Order, Edmondo Rossoni38.. Blood Brothers: Fascism and Nazism, Benito Mussolini39.. The Introduction of Fascist Racial Policy, Gioacchino Volpeiv Fascism at War 1940-194340.. People of Italy! Run to your Arms!, Benito Mussolini41.. Safeguarding Europe's Birthright against the Jewish Conspiracy, Alfredo Cioffi42.. The New Europe which will Arise from the Axis Victory, Carlo Costamagnav The Italian Socialist Republic 1943-194543.. Fascism Reborn, The Fascist Republican Party44.. The Greatest Massacre of All Time: Democracy, Benito Mussolini45.. What Might Have Been: Axis Europe, Benito MussoliniPART II: FASCISM IN GERMANYIntroductionA. German Fascism before the Nazi Seizure of PowerIntroductioni Pre-1914 Precursors of German Fascism46.. The Redemptive Mission of German Culture, Richard Wagner47.. The Need to Transcend Liberalism, Paul De LaGarde48.. The Rebirth of German Genius, Julius Langbehn49.. Planting the New Reich, Stefan George50.. The Need for the Nation to be Healed, Theodor Fritschii Non-Nazi German Fascisms51.. The Resurgence of the West, Otto Dickel52.. The Eternal German Reich, Arthur Moeller Van Den Bruck53.. The Organic German Nation, Edgar Jung54.. The Great War: Father of a New Age, Ernst Junger55.. The Germany of the Freikorps, Ernst Von Salomon56.. The Emergence of a New Type of Human Being, Ernst Junger57.. The Prussian Spirit: Salvation of the White Race, Oswald Spengler58.. The German Knight as the Key to Europe's Recovery, Otto Strasseriii Nazism before 193359.. The Mission of the Nazi Movement, Adolf Hitler60.. Barren Trees, Franz Pfeffer Von Salomon61.. 'Christ-Socailism', Joseph Goebbels62.. Let there be Light, Gottfried Feder63.. Motherhood and Warriorhood as the Key to a National Socialism, Gregor Strasser64.. Nordic Thinking and the German Rebirth, Hans F.K. Gunther65.. Breeding a New Nobility, R. Walther Darre66.. The New Human Synthesis, E. Gunther GrundelB. German Fascism in Power 1933-1945Introductioni The Establishment of the Third Reich 1933-193567.. German Rebirth, Alfred Rosenberg68.. The Third Reich as Savior of the West, Hermann Goering69.. The Total Revolution of National Socialism, Joseph Goebbels70.. The New Breed of German, Gottfried Benn71. The New German Woman, Paula Siber72. The Legal Basis of the Total State, Carl Schmitt73. The Place of Art in Germany's Political Reawakening, Adolf Hitlerii The Period of Consultation 1936-193974. Soldierly Economics, Werner Daitz75. The Joy of the National Socialist Economy, Robert Ley76. The Expansionary Spirit of a Rejuvenated People, Paul Ritter77. Nazism's World Crusade against the Jews, Hammer Press78. The Divine Mission of the SS, Heinrich Himmler79. The Role of Youth in Perpetuating the Third Reich, Willi F. Konitzer80. The Successful Cleansing of German Culture, Helmuth Langenbucher81. National Socialism as the Custodian of European Being, Martin Heidegger82. The Third Reich as the Cure for the European Sickness, Christoph Stedingiii The Third Reich at War 1939-194583. The New European Order, Paul Herre84. A National Socialist Common Market, Hans S. V. Heister85. Improving the Stock, Walter Gross86. The True Meaning of the War, Joseph Goebbels87. The Ultimate Turning-Point: Total War, Robert Ley88. Moral Dilemmas, Heinrich Himmler89. Heimat, Schwarzes Korps90. The Rebirth of National Socialism, Adolf HitlerPART III: ABORTIVE FASCISMS 1922-1945IntroductionA. European Fascismsi. Britain91. Christ, Nietzsche, and Caesar, Oswald Mosley92. Towards a Fascist Europe, Oswald Mosley93. A Corporate Britain, Alexander Raven Thomson94. Britain Awake!, E.D. Randell95. A Spiritual Typhus, Arthur Kenneth Chesterton96. Hitler Shows the Way, William Joyceii Ireland97. The New Corporate Ireland, Eoin O'Duffyiii Spain98 Ramiro Ledesma Ramos. The Voice of Spain99. Total Feeling, Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera100. Bread and Justice, Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera101. A New Breed of Spaniards, Antonio Vallejo-Nageraiv Portugal102. The Wind of Change, Rolao Preto103. Ersatz Fascism, Rolao Pretov France104. Empty Portfolios, George Valois105. Saving France, Jacques Doriot106. The European Revolution and the New State, Marcel Deat107. The Rebirth of European Man, Pierre Drieu La Rochellevi Belgium108. The Revolution of Souls, Leon Degrelle109. Fascism's Century, Jose Streelvii Norway110. The Nordic Revival, Vidkun Quisling111. A Greater Norway, Vidkun Quislingviii Finland112. The Battle for the New Finland, Lapua113. The Revolution of the Finnish Heart, Elias Simojokiix Estonia114. A New Estonia, Evlx Latvia115. A Latvian Latvia, Gustavs Celminxi Romania116. The Romanian Legionary's Mission in Spain, Ion Mota117. The Resurrection of the Race, Corneliu Codreanuxii Hungary118. Hungarism, Ferenc SzalasiB. Non-European Fascismsi. South Africa119. The Reawakening of the Boerevolk, Ossewabrandwagii Chile120. Chilean Action and National Regeneration, Carlos Keller121. The Soul of the Race, Jorge Gonaleziii Brazil122. A Fourth Era of Humanity Dawns, Plinio Salgado123. The Soul of the Nation Awakens, Plinio Salgadoiv Japan124. The Need for a Totalitarian Japan, Nakano Seigo125. Write Your Own Mein Kampf, Nakano SeigoPART IV: THEORIES OF FASCISMIntroductionA. Reactions to Fascism 1920-1945Introductioni Ambivalent or Positive Reactions to the Spread of Fascism126. Black Sheep, Vilfredo Pareto127. A Plague of Amateur Mussolinis, Kenneth Roberts128. A Sunny Disposition, Robert Michels129. The Italian Volksstaat, Johann W. Mannhardt130. The Italian Experiment, Erwin von Beckerath131. To Each Country its Own Fascism, James Strachey Barnes132. The Makers of Europe, Giuseppe Borgese133. A Sense of Humor, Sir Charles Petrie134. A Bad Good Thing, H.G. Wellsii Interpretations of Fascism by Marxists135. , Three Comintern Responses to Fascism(a) Opening the Door to Fascism(b) White Terror(c) Fruit of the Womb136. Erroneous Definitions, Palmiro Togliatti137. The Purging Fires of Fascism, R. Palme Dutt138. The Return of the Dark Ages, E. J. Stracheyiii Democratic Critiques of Fascism139. Tribal Loyalties, G.D.H. and M.I. Cole140. Dragon's Teeth, R.A. Brady141. The Hopeless Task, Karl Polanyi142. Rabbits Ruled by Stoats, George Orwell143. Black Magic, Peter Drucker144. The Iron Heel, Max Horkheimeriv Four Wartime Analyses of Fascism145. Forcing Elephants into Foxholes, Wilhelm Reich146. The Fear of Freedom, Erich Fromm147. Market Forces, Harold Laski148. Rationalism Debunked, Talcott ParsonsB. Post-War Judgements on FascismIntroductioni Some Approaches to Fascism149. Paradigms of Fascism, Bernt Hagtvet and Stein Larsen, a. Marxist Approaches150. The View From Moscow, A Soviet Political Dictionary151 Joachim Petzold. The View from East Germany152. The View of a Western Marxist, Martin Kitchen, b. Fascism as the Product of Structural Forces153. Extremism of the Centre, Seymour M. Lipset154. Defective Nation-Building, Bernt Hagtvet and Stein Rokkan155. Redemptive Potential, Geoffrey Eley, c. Psycho-Historical Approaches156. Fear and Destructiveness, The Frankfurt School157. Making Sense, Gerald M. Platt158. Raising the Dead, Klaus Theweleit, d. Modernization Theories159. Blood and Death, Barrington Moore160. Utopian Anti-Modernism, Henry A. Turner Jun161. Fascist Modernity, Emilio Gentileii Some Individual Theories of the Fascist Minimum162. Resisting Transcendence, Ernst Nolte163. The Total Charismatic Community, A. James Gregor164. The Latecomer, Juan B. Linz165. Verbal Revolutionarism, Renzo de Felice166. A Mulish Concept, Gilbert Allardyce167. A Third Way, George L. Mosse168. A New Nationalist Authoritarian State, Stanley Payne160. A New Civilization, Zeev Sternhell170. The New Synthesis, Roger EatwellPART V: POST-WAR FASCISMSIntroductioni Verdicts on the 'Fascist Era' from Veteran Fascists171. Fascism: Myth and Reality, Julius Evola172. The Third Reich: The Triumph of the Demagogues, Ernst Niekisch173. Lenin was Right, Maurice Bardeche174. The Ideals of the Fascist Era, Leon Degrelle175. The Lunacy of Fascism and Nazism, Arthur Kenneth Chesterton176. Hubris and Miscalculation, Oswald Mosleyii Discourses of Post-War Fascism, (a) Universal Nazism177. The Revival of National Socialism, Colin Jordan178. A Racist Catechism, The West European Foundation179. How to Save Europe, Guy Amaudruz, (b) Holocaust Denial180. The Miracle of the Telephone Box, Leon Degrelle181. A Monumental Lie, Thies Christophersen182. An Ever-Flowing River, John Day, (c) Historical Revisionism183. The Bicycle Thief, David Irving184. Laying it on the Line, David Irving185. From Class War to Race War, Ernst Nolte186. Truth and Fiction, Gerhard Frey, (d) Eurofascism187. The European Revolution, The Malmo Manifesto188. The True Europe's Revolt against the Modern World, Juliys Evola189. Europe a Nation, Oswald Mosley, (e) The New Right190. Regenerating History, Alain de Benoist191. The Metapolitical Rebirth of Europe, Pierre Krebbs192. A Breath of Fresh Air, Michael Walker, (f) The Conservative Revolution193. German Nihilism, Armin Mohler194. The Will to Modernity of the Conservative Revolution, Louis Dupeux195. Heroic Realism, Robert Steukers, (g) Third Position196. The European Genius and the Rediscovery of the Sacred, Adolfo Morganti197. The Political Soldier and the National Revolution, Derek Holland198. A Community of Destiny, Groupe Union Defenseiii Contemporary Expressions of Fascism, (a) Ideological Fascism199. Songs for Europe, Skrewdriver200. The Immortal Principle, Hartwig Huber201. The Greening of Nazism, Padraig Cullen202. Spiritual AIDS, John Tyndall, (b) Militant Fascism203. Blood, Soil, and Faith, L'Oeuvre Francaise204. The Cleansing Hurricane, William Pierce205. Patriots of the World Unite!, Paymat206. God's Own, Afrikaner-Weerstandsbeweging207. The Romanian Ethnocratic State, Noua Dreapta, (c) Electoral Fascism208. Living Stones of the New Spain, Frente Nacional209. The European Home, Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands210. Saving the Nation, British National Party211. For a New Italy, Movimento Sociale Italiano212. King Kong Meets his Match, Russia's Liberal Democratic PartyEPILOGUE213. The Deadly Trunk of Fascism, Primo LeviSelect BibliographyAcknowledgementsIndex