To assess the validity of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), we reviewed
clinical, family, psychopharmacologic, neurobiological, and outcome studies. We found
multiple reports describing adults with clinical features highly reminiscent of the childhood
ADHD. These adults, who are impulsive, inattentive, and restless, have the clinical “look and
feel” of ADHD children. As with their childhood counterparts, many adults with ADHD suffer
from antisocial, depressive, and anxiety disorders. They also show clinically significant …

Despite ongoing controversy, the view that pediatric mania is rare or nonexistent has been
increasingly challenged not only by case reports, but also by systematic research. This
research strongly suggests that pediatric mania may not be rare but that it may be difficult to
diagnose. Since children with mania are likely to become adults with bipolar disorder, the
recognition and characterization of childhood-onset mania may help identify a meaningful
developmental subtype of bipolar disorder worthy of further investigation. The major …