AfricanAmerican men comprise less than 6 percent of the American population and almost
onehalf of its criminal prisoners (Miller, 1992: 6). 1 Black men in this country are incarcerated
at a rate—3,109 per 100,000 that is seven times higher than the rate for the United States as
a whole, and four times higher than comparable rates in South Africa (Mauer, 1991: 4). In
some American cities, approximately half of all young (18 35) black men are either in prison
or jail, on probation, parole, or bail, or sought in a search warrant (Miller, 1992). Why are …

We demonstrate a novel and efficient bioprocess for production of the cephalosporin
intermediates, 7-aminocephalosporank acid (7-ACA) or 7-amino deacetoxycephalosporanic
acid (7-ADCA). The Streptomyces clavuligerus expandase gene or the Cephalosporium
acremonium expandase-hydroxylase gene, with and without the acetyltransferase gene,
were expressed in a penicillin production strain of Penicillium chrysogenum. Growth of these
transformants in media containing adipic acid as the side chain precursor resulted in …